Evaluation of textile and dye industry liquid and solid waste

M.Parameswari

Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamilnadu Agriculture University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

ARTICLE INFO

Article history:

Received: 12 September 2013; Received in revised form:

15 December 2013;

Accepted: 24 December 2013;

Keywords

N- Nitrogen,

P- Phosphorus, K- Potassium,

GR Gypsum recommendation,

ESP-Exchangeablesodium percentage.

ABSTRACT

The effluent and sludge generated from various industries are being dumped into the environment, causing various hazards on a long run. At the same time, these wastes contain essential nutrients. So utilization of such wastes for crop production can enhance the availability of nutrients and enrich soil organic matters that ultimately increase the growth of crops. Gypsum, pressmud, Farm yard manure, were tried to ameliorate the textile and dye effluent polluted soil habitat, using sunflower (CO4) as a test crop. The sludge along with effluent irrigation added considerable quantities of cations (calcium, magnesium and sodium) to the soil system. Addition of amendments had a strong influence in enhancing the soil quality parameters like exchangeable calcium. Application of pressmud @ 5 t ha-1 along with 100 per cent GR + NPK reduced the soil ESP by 44.96 per cent. The heavy metal content were also reduced due to addition of pressmud. Application of 100 per cent GR + pressmud @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK under effluent irrigation increased the crop growth, yield attributes (head diameter, head weight, seed test weight) and yield of sunflower in effluent polluted soil habitat. The yield under pressmud amended plots was 36 per cent higher over control. Reclamation and restoration of textile dye effluent polluted soil habitat is possible by leaching the soil with 100 per cent GR followed by application of pressmud @ 5 t ha-1 and recommended NPK.

Introduction

The improper and indiscriminate disposal of industrial solids is posing a great challenge to India and other developing nations. They cause odor problem and are potential source of surface and ground water pollution. The sludge resulting from different industrial operations and wastewater treatment plants are managed through destructive methods: land filling and incineration (Ndegwa and Thompson, 2001). Land application of sludge provides an effective and environmentally acceptable option of waste disposal, which also recycles valuable nutrients into the soil-plant ecosystem (Chatterjee and Bhargava, 1982).The limited landfill space, more stringent national waste disposal regulations and public consciousness have made land filling increasingly expensive and impractical (Ndegwa and Thompson, 2001). The textile and dye industrial sludge is reported to promote crop growth if added to the soil in quantities below the toxicity limits. Moreover, the land application of industrial sludge provides an effective and environmentally acceptable option of waste disposal to recycle valuable nutrients into the soil plant system. Applying dye industrial sludge to agricultural land as a soil amendment or as a source of calcium and sulphate has been suggested as more desirable alternative to land fill (Thavamani, 2000).

Materials and Methods

A field experiment was conducted to assess the effect of dye effluent and sludge on soil fertility and productivity of sunflower. The treatment details are given below.

I1 – Well water

I2 – Treated textile and dye effluent

TreatmentsT1 - Control, T2 - 50 per cent GR+ NPK, T3 - 100 per cent GR + NPK, T4 - 50 per cent GR+ Pressmud @ 5 t ha-1+NPK, T5 -100 per cent GR+ Pressmud @ 5 t ha-1+ NPK, T6 - 50 per cent GR+ETP Sludge @ 5 t ha-1+ NPK , T7 -100 per cent GR+ ETP Sludge @ 5 t ha-1 + NPK, T8 - 50 per cent GR+ Farmyard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1+ NPK, T9 - 50 per cent GR+ Farmyard manure @ 12.5 t ha-1 +NPK Fertilizer dose : 40 kg N, 20 kg P and 20 kg K ha-1