Testing for immune system disorders typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, medical history review, and specific laboratory tests. There isn't a single "immunity disorder test" because different immune disorders may require different approaches to diagnosis. Here are some common tests and evaluations used to diagnose or assess immune system disorders:
Blood Tests:
Complete Blood Count (CBC): Measures the number and types of blood cells, including white blood cells, which play a crucial role in the immune response.
Immunoglobulin Levels: Measures the levels of antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM) in the blood.
Autoantibody Tests:
Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) Test: Identifies antibodies that may target the body's own tissues, which can be associated with autoimmune disorders.
Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Test: Measures antibodies present in autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis.
Inflammatory Markers:
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP): Elevated levels may indicate inflammation, which can be associated with autoimmune disorders.
Genetic Testing:
For some immune disorders, especially those with a hereditary component, genetic testing may be conducted.
Flow Cytometry:
Evaluates the number and function of immune cells by analyzing their surface markers.
Skin Tests:
Allergy Testing: Identifies hypersensitivity reactions by exposing the skin to potential allergens.
Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) or Interferon-Gamma Release Assay (IGRA): Used to diagnose tuberculosis and assess immune response.
Functional Tests:
Assess the functional capacity of certain immune cells, such as T-cell function tests.
Immunodeficiency Screening:
Tests to identify conditions associated with a weakened immune system, such as HIV testing or specific tests for primary immunodeficiency disorders.
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