Cameron Abney and Associates Blog Review Formulas and Conversion Charts
A. Boiler Formulas
Boiler Horse Power (HP):
BHP = (Lb/hr) * FE / 34.5
where Lb/hr is pounds of steam per hour and FE is the factor of evaporation.
Steam:
S=HP * 34.5 * t
where HP is boiler horsepower and t is time (h).
Cycle of Concentration of Boiler Water:
CYC=Bch / FCh
where Bch is ppm water chlorides and FCh is ppm feedwater chlorides.
Differential Setting (lb):
Delta S = P1 - P2
where P1 is the cutout pressure and P2 is the cut in pressure
Factor of Evaporation:
FE = SH + LH / 970.3
where SH is the sensible heat and LH is the latent heat.
Force (lb):
F=P / A
where P is pressure (psi) and A is area (in^2).
Horsepower (HP):
HP=(d * t) / (t * 33000)
where d is distance, F is force, and t is time.
Inches of Mercury (in):
InHG=P / 0.491
where P is pressure
Percent of Blowdown:
%BD=(PP - RP) / PP
where PR is popping pressure and RP is reseat pressure
Rate of Combustion (Btu/hr) RC=H / (Vf * t)
where H is heat released (BTU), Vf is volume of furnace (ft^3), and t is time (hr).
Return Condensate Percentage in Feedwater RC%=(MC – FC) / (MC – CC)
where MC is the makeup conductivity (μohms), FC is the feedwater conductivity (μohms), and CC is the condensate conductivity (μohms).
Static Head Pressure (lb)
SHP= Bpr * 2.31
where Bpr = boiler pressure (psi)
Temperature Conversions:
F to C
C = (F – 32) / 1.8
C to F
F = (1.8 * C) + 32
Total Force (lb)
TF = P*A
where P is pressure (psi) and A is the area of valve disc exposed to steam (sq. in.)
Water Column (in)
WC = P / 0.03061 where P is pressure (psi).
B. Combustion Chemistry
Flue gas analysis:
Boilerflue gas analysis is used todetermine
combustion efficiency.
CarbonDioxide (CO2)
