Drying paddy by rice destoner increased the HRY

Drying paddy by rice destoner increased the HRY as it promoted starch gelatinization than that which is dried by hot air but the higher degree of Maillards reaction especially during the first few minutes of drying resulted in lower values of whiteness of paddy. But little difference was noted difference between the percentage of white belly of paddy dried by superheated steam and hot air. Higher drying air temperature results in a higher grain temperature and longer tempering time leads to partial gelatinization of starch granules inside paddy affecting the grain qualities in a similar way to parboiled rice. Fluidized bed drying parameters affecting the various properties of paddy are moisture content, drying air temperature and bed thickness.

Rice fortification, parboiling, and sprouting have been used for the purposeful addition of vitamins and minerals, improving and increasing nutrient re-tention, and enhancing the nutrition of rice, respec-tively. However, fortifying rice by simply adding a micronutrient powder that adheres to the grains by electrostatic forces (dusting) has limitations, con-sidering the typical washing and cooking methods employed in most developing countries, which re-sult in rinsing away of the enrichment.

The removal of large amount of moisture from parboiled rice requires paddy separator interspersed with as it promotes moisture equilibration in rice and considerably reduces breakage during milling. The moisture content of the grain influences its mechanical properties whereas the grain temperature variation affects the coefficient of thermal expansion and other physical properties. The greatest MC gradient existed in a direction perpendicular to the long axis of rice kernels and in the middle section of the longitudinal span of a kernel. Artificial drying immediately after harvesting is one of the main causes of kernel fissures. Virtually invisible fissures lead to high breakage ratios during milling. Head rice yield is not affected by high drying temperatures if evaporating capacity remains low.

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