Dr. Mansur Sokoto
*Majalisi na 23*
*Ka’ida ta Ashirin:*
*Manzon Allah _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ Liman ne ga Kowa. Duk Wanda Aka bi a Bayan sa a Matsayin Ladan ne.*
Sheikh Muhammad bn Saleh Al-Uthaimin rahimahullah ya ce:
Abin da yake wajibi ga duk wanda ya san dalili shi ne ya bi dalilin; ya yi aiki da shi, ko da kuwa ya saba ma wani daga cikin Malamai, in dai ba Ijma’in al’umma ya saba ma ba. Duk kuwa wanda ya kudure cewa, akwai wani ba Manzon Allah ba, wanda yake wajaba a bi shi a kowane yanayi kuma ko wane lokaci a cikin abin da ya aikata da wanda ya bari, to ya ba da siffar annabta ga wanda ba Annabi ba.[i]
A bisa wannan ka’ida ya kamata a auna duk mas’alolin addini wadanda nassi ya inganta daga Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam a cikin su a bisa sabanin fatawar wani ko kuma wasu daga cikin magabata wadanda ake koyi da su. Kamar yadda wannan magana take daidai a babin akida, haka ne take a babin ibada. Don haka, ko a fannin fikihu babbar manufa a ita ce, a samu dalili daga Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam. Kamar yadda Imam Al-Khaddabi ya ce:
“Hadisi shi ne asasin da ake gina hukunci a kan sa. Fikihu kuma shi ne a matsayin reshensa. Duk kuwa ginin da ba a dora shi a kan asasi ba sunansa rusasshe. Kamar yadda tushe in babu gini a kan sa ya zama kango.[ii]
Da yawa za ka ci karo da wasu mas’aloli a cikin littafan fikihu wadanda ba a dora su a kan wata hujja daga Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallamba. Wannan kuwa ajizanci ne na dan Adam wanda malamai ma ba su kubuta daga gare shi ba kamar sauran mutane. Shaihun Musulunci ya wallafa littafi musamman don bayyana hanzarin malamai wajen samun irin wannan.[iii]A cikin sa ya bayyana dalilai na Shari’a da hankali wadanda suke wajabta yin sabani a tsakanin al’umma, da kuma inda ake ba da uzuri da in da ba a bayarwa a cikin sa. A takaice, malamai sukan yi iya kokarinsu ne wajen fitar da hukuncin da Allah da Manzo ya shata ta hanyar komawa ga nassoshi daidai gwargwadon abinda suka iya kai gare shi, su kuma dabbaka su a kan ginannun dokoki da tuwasu na ilimi da Shari’a. Allah kuma zai ba su lada a kan kokarinsu matukar sun kai matsayin da za su yi haka. To, abinka da dan Adam, dole ne a wasu lokutan a samu ajizanci wajen yin hukunci. Ko dai malami ya yi hukunci amma bai san da wani hadisi ba, ko kuma ya san shi amma bai san da ingancinsa ba, ko kuma ya ba shi wata fassara wadda sauran malamai ba su gamsu da ita ba saboda rauninta. Wani lokacin kuma sai mujtahidi ya gina hukunci bisa zato sai ya saba ma wasu shimfidaddun ka’idoji da Shari’a ta shata. Mun yi wannan bayani a cikin sharhin Izziyya wajen da mai littafin yake cewa: “Kada ayi karatun Alkur’ani da yawa a wajen dawafi”, kuma “Kada a sha ruwa a cikin dawafi in ba don jin kishi ba”, kuma “Mustahabbi ne ayi wanka idan za a shiga birnin Madina”, kuma “Mai I’itikafi bai kamata ya zama limami ba”, kuma “Bai halalta mai haramar aikin Hajji ko Umra ya sa zobe ba”, kuma “Ba a yin Sallar Jum’ah sai a babban Masallaci”. Da ire iren wadannan mas’alolin wadanda – duk da kasancewar su a cikin babin ibada – amma ba a gina su kan wani asuli daga hadisan Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam ba.
Akwai wasu hukunce hukunce da za ka tarar kuma an gina su bisa wani zato, amma sun yi hannun riga da hukuncin Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam. Mun ba da misalan irin wadannan a cikin sharhin Izziyya daga cikin abubuwan da littafin na Izziyya ya kunsa. Misali, cewa; “Ba a sanya lokaci wajen shafa a kan safa”[iv], “Ba a son yin addu’a bayan kabbarar harama”[v], “Ba aso yin A’uzu billahi da Bismillah a sallar farilla ba”[vi], “Ya halalta mutum ya yi Sallah shi kadai a bayan sahu”[vii], “Ba a yin nafila kafin yin sallar Magriba”[viii], “Babu wata kebantacciyar addu’a a Sallar Jana’iza”[ix], “Ba a kebe fararen ranakku da yin azumi”,[x]“Babu laifi ayi azumin ranar Jum’ah ita kadai”[xi]. Da sauran irin wadannan hukunce hukunce wadanda Hadisai ingantattu daga Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam sun tabbatar da sabanin su.
A kowace mazhaba ana samun irin wadannan saboda ajizancin dan Adam kamar yadda muka fada. Tafarkin Ahlus Sunnah a irin wadannan mas’aloli shi ne, ba a sukar malaman da suka yanke wadancan hukunce hukunce bisa ijtihadi da kokari, balle a tuhumce su da bin son zuciya. Haka kuma ba a bin su a kan kuskurensu bayan shiriyar Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam ta bayyana. Domin Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam shi ne liman, kowa aka bi bayan sa a matsayin ladan ne.*Manazarta:*
[i] Al-Khilaf bain al-Ulama’: Asbabuhu wa Maukifuna Minhu, na Sheikh Muhammad bn Saleh Al-Uthaimin, bugun Madar al-Wadan, Unaiza, Saudi Arabia, 1434H, shafi na 32.[ii] Ma’alim As-Sunan, na Khaddabi, (1/75).
[iii] Sunansa Raf’Al-Malam an Al-A’imma Al-A’lam
[iv] Akwai hadisin Ali bn Abi Dalib radhiyallahu anhu wanda ya ce: “Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya sanya mana kwana uku ga matafiyi, daya ga mazaunin gida (don yin shafa akan safa)” Sahih Muslim 276, akwai hadisin Auf bn Malik Al-Ashja’i radhiyallahu anhu irinsa a cikin Musnad na Imam Ahmad (6/27). Akwai na Abu Bakrata radhiyallahu anhu a cikin As-Sunan na Ibnu Majah (556). Akwai na Safwan bn Assal radhiyallahu anhu a cikin Musnad na Imam Ahmad (6/27). Wadannan hadisai dukansu ingantattu ne, sabanin wadanda suke barin ayi shafa a kan safa babu kaidi na lokaci. Don karin bayani, duba: Fathu Rabbil Bariyyah, sharhin Iziyya (shafi na 321-322).
[v] Sahabbai da dama sun ruwaito addu’oin da Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam yake yi bayan kabbarar harama, wadanda ake kira: addu’oin Istiftah “Bude Sallah”, kamar sayyidina Ibnu Umar, da Nana A’isha, da Abu Sa’id Al’Khudri. Duba Sahihu Muslim (399) misali.
[vi] Yin “A’uzu billahi..” a farkon Sallah ya zo a cikin ingantaccen hadisi a cikin Al-Musannaf na Abdurrazzak(2554) da Al-Ausad na Ibn Al-Mundhir (3/87), kuma Sheikh Albani ya inganta shi a cikin Irwa’ Al-Ghalil (341). Ita ma farawa da Bismillah ta zo a wani ingantaccen hadisi a cikin Sunan Abi Dawud (4001) da Sunan At-Tirmidhi (2928), kuma Sheikh Albani ya inganta shi a cikin Irwa’ Al-Ghalil (343).
[vii] Hadisai biyu sun inganta a kan hani da yin haka. Na farko, hadisin Ali bn Shaiban radhiyallahu anhu a cikin Musnadna Imam Ahmad (4/23) da As-Sahih na Ibnu Hibban (2202). Na biyu, hadisin Wabisa bn Ma’bad radhiyallahu anhu a cikin Musnad na Imam Ahmad (4/228) da Sunan Abi Dawud (682) da Sunan At-Tirmidhi (230) da As-Sahih na Ibnu Hibban (2200, 2199, 2198) cewa, Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya ga wani ya yi Sallah shi kadai a bayan sahu kuma ya umurce shi da ya sake Sallah. Ya ce, “Domin babu Sallah ga wanda ya yi ta shi kadai a bayan sahu”. Don karin bayani a duba: Fath Al-Bari (2/249).
[viii] Hadisi ya tabbata a cikin Sahih Al-Bukhari (1183) daga Abdullahi bn Mugaffal cewa, Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya yi umurni da yin Sallar nafila kafin yin farillar Maghriba har sau uku. A na uku ya ce, “Ga wanda ya so”. A hadisin Anas bn Malik (r) a cikin Sahih Al-Bukhari (625) cewa ya yi: “Idan aka kira Sallar magriba mutane sukan je bayan ginshikai suna nafila. Kuma ba wani jinkiri ake yi na ta da sallar ba”. A Sahihu Muslim (836) ya ce: “Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam yana ganin mu, muna yi; bai sa mu ba, bai hana mu ba”.
[ix] Addu’oi kebantattu sun zo a kan Sallar janaza daga Auf bn Malik (r) a Sahihu Muslim (963) da Abu Salama radhiyallahu anhu shi ma a cikin Sahihu Muslim (920) da kuma wasu da dama.
[x] Hadisi ya zo ingantacce daga Jarir Al-Bajali radhiyallahu anhu daga Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam yana kwadaitarwa a kan yin azumin fararen ranakku (rana ta 13 da 14 da 15) ga kowane wata. Sunan An-Nasa’i (2419) da Al-Musnad na Abu Ya’la (7504) da Al-Mu’jam Al-Kabir na Dabarani (2/2499). Akwai kuma hadisin Abu Zar da Katada bn Malhan a cikin Musnad na Imam Ahmad (5/417) da Sunan Abi Dawud (2433) da Sunan At-Tirmidhi (1164).
[xi] Hadisai masu yawa kuma ingantattu sun zo a kan hani ga kebe ranar Jum’ah da yin azumi. Kamar hadisin Abu Huraira radhiyallahu anhu wanda Bukhari (1985) da Muslim (1144) suka ruwaito cewa, Annabi sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya ce: ”Kada dayanku ya yi azumin ranar Jum’ah sai idan ya yi azumin wuni daya gabanin sa, ko kuma zai yi wani a bayansa”. Akwai kuma hadisin Nana Juwairiyah bint Al-Harith radhiyallahu anha da ta ce, Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya shigo wurin ta ranar Jum’ah sai ya tarar tana azumi, sai ya tambaye ta: “Kin yi azumi a jiya?” ta ce, a’a. Ya ce, “za ki yi a gobe?” Ta ce, a’a. Sai ya ce: “To, ki sha ruwa”. Bukhari ya fitar da shi (1986). Akwai kuma hadisin Muhammad bn Abbad wanda ya tambayi sayyidina Jabir radhiyallahu anhu a wurin dawafi, ko gaskiya ne Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya hana yin azumin ranar Jum’ah? Jabir ya ce: “eh, na rantse da Ubangijin wannan dakin”. Bukhari (1984) da Muslim (1143) suka fitar da shi.
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