MATSALOLIN MA AURATA

JAGORAN AHLUSSUNNAH*

📚 Dr. Mansur Sokoto

*Majalisi na 24*

*Ci gaban Ka'ida ta 20*
*Manzon Allah _sallallahu alaihi wasallam_ liman ne ga kowa.*

Daga cikin misalan da suka dace da wannan ka’ida akwai hadisan da suka kwadaitar a kan yin azumin kwana shida bayan Ramadhan a cikin watan Shawwal. Kamar hadisin Abu Ayyub Al-Ansari radhiyallahu anhu wanda ya ce, Manzon Allah sallallahu alaihi wasallam ya ce: “Duk wanda ya yi azumin watan Ramadhan, sannan ya yi masa rakiya da kwana shida daga cikin watan Shawwal, zai kasance kamar ya azumci shekara ne”.[xii]
Akwai kuma hadisin Sauban da na Abu Huraira da Jabir radhiyallahu anhum duk ma’anarsu daya da wancan.
Tattare da ingancin wadannan hadisan, Imam Malik rahimahullah a cikin littafinsa ya karhanta yin azumin. Kuma ya yi hujja da cewa, yana tsoron ya kasance yin azumin bidi’a ne, kasancewar bai ga malamai a Madina cikin magabatansa suna yi ba. Zahirin maganarsa na nuna bai san da wadancan hadisai da muka ambata ba, ko kuma ba su zo masa ta hanya ingantacciya ba. Domin idan hadisi ya inganta da wani hukunci, babu sauran ayi zaton wannan hukunci da ya kunsa bidi’a ne. Abinda wasu malamai suka fada kenan. Wasu kuma suka ce, zai yiwu bai san sauran hadisan ba, amma ba zai yiwu hadisin Abu Ayyub ya boyu a gare shi ba, domin hadisin dan Madina ne; garin da shi ne jigon malamai a cikinsa. Don haka, suka yi ta kai da komo domin gano bakin zaren wannan hukunci nasa na kyamatar wannan azumi. Amma dai daga karshe, bakunan malamai sun hadu a kan cewa, hadisan suna nan daram; ba za su girgiza da wannan fatawa ta Imam Malik ba, duk kuwa da irin matsayin da yake da shi na ilimi da daraja, tun da fa hadisan sun tabbata babu tambaba. Rashin ganin wasu na yin ibada kuma ba ma’auni ne ga rashin sahihancinta ba. Ai ibadar da ba farilla ba ma, magabata sun fi yawan boye ta.
Imam Nawawi rahimahullah ya yi sharhin hadisin Abu Ayyub da muka kawo a sama. Ga abinda ya ce:
A cikin wannan hadisi akwai hujja karara ga mazhabar Shafi’i da Ahmad dan Hambali da Dawud Az-Zahiri da wadanda suka dace da fatawarsu kan mustahabbancin yin azumin wadannan kwanaki shida. Amma Malik da Abu Hanifa sun karhanta shi. Malik ya ce a cikin Muwadda: “Ban ga kowa na yin sa daga cikin malamai ba”. Don haka, suka ce, ana kyamar sa don kada a zaci wajibi ne. Shi kuma Shafi’i da wadanda ke kan fahimtarsa sai suka kafa hujja da wannan hadisi da ya inganta kuma ga bayaninsa baro baro a fili. To, ita dai Sunnah in ta inganta, ba a barin ta don wani mutum ya bar ta, ko don wasu mutane sun bar ta, kai, ko duk mutane ma sun taru sun bar ta. Cewar da suka yi suna tsoron a zaci wajibi ce, sai a tambaye su, Ashura da Arafa fa? Da duk sauran azumma na nafila; ba a tsoron jahilai su dauke su wajibi ne?[xiii]
Babban kwamitin Fatawa na kasar Saudia – wanda ya kunshi jigajigan malaman wannan zamani – da aka yi masu tambaya: “Mene ne matsayin azumin Sitta Shawwal ga shi kuwa Imam Malik ya karhanta shi? Irin amsar da suka bayar ba ta sha bamban da ta Imam Nawawi ba. Domin kuwa sun kawo wancan hadisin na Abu Ayyub rahimahullah sannan sai suka ce:
To, wannan hadisi dai ingantacce ne. kuma yana nuna cewa, yin azumin kwana shida a cikin watan Shawwal Sunnah ne. ga shi kuma Imam As-Shafi’i da Ahmad bn Hambali da malamai da yawa sun yi aiki da shi. Bai dacewa a ture wannan hadisi da hujjar wani daga cikin malamai ya kyamace shi don tsoron jahilai su zaci yana cikin Ramadhan, ko su dauka wajibi ne. Ko kuma don – shi wannan malamin – bai ga kowa cikin malamansa na yi ba. Wannan ai duk zato ne. zato kuwa bai kawar da ingantacciyar Sunnah. Wanda ya sani shi yake fadi ba wanda bai sani ba.[xiv]
 
*Manazarta:*
[xii]  Al-Musnad, na Imam Ahmad (5/417) da Sahih Muslim (2815) da Sunan Abi Dawud (2433) da Sunan At-Tirmidhi (1164).

[xiii] Sharhin Imam Nawawi a kan Sahih Muslim (4/186).

[xiv] Fatawa Al-lijnah Ad-Da’imah (10/389).