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Grass is a herbaceous plant characterized by narrow leaves growing from the base. Belonging to the family Poaceae, grass comprises over 10,000 species, making it one of the most diverse plant families on Earth. Grasses can be found in a wide range of environments, from temperate regions to tropical climates, and they play a crucial role in ecosystems by preventing soil erosion, providing habitats for various wildlife, and contributing to the carbon cycle.
The structure of grass typically includes a jointed stem known as a culm, which serves as a support for the plant. The leaves are elongated and usually linear, with a unique sheath that wraps around the stem at the base. Grass leaves have a distinctive parallel venation, which is a hallmark of monocotyledons, and they often possess a ligule, a small, membranous or hairy structure that protects the leaf blade where it meets the stem.
Grass flowers are small and usually inconspicuous, often arranged in spikelets that form larger inflorescences such as panicles or racemes. Grasses reproduce primarily through wind pollination and can produce vast quantities of seeds that can remain viable in the soil for long periods. Many species of grass are adapted to survive grazing by herbivores, with growth occurring primarily from their base, which allows them to recover quickly even after being grazed.
Grasses are not only vital for ecological balance but also serve significant agricultural purposes, as they provide forage for livestock, supply grains like wheat, rice, and corn for human consumption, and can be utilized for ornamental landscapes and lawns. Their resilience and adaptability make them a cornerstone of many ecosystems and agricultural systems worldwide.