Hindu Panchang

The Basic Structure

The structure of the Hindu Calendar is of course composed of days making months making years. The system of describing days is the same in both the solar and lunisolar calendars. The system of describing months and hence years is what distinguishes the solar and lunisolar calendars from each other. We shall first describe the day, then the months and year of the solar calendar, and then the months and year of the lunisolar calendar. Then we shall speak about year numbering and the 60 names of the years.

The Day

The Hindu calendrical day starts with local sunrise. It is allotted five "properties", called anga-s. They are:

the tithi active at sunrise
the weekday
the nakshatra in which the moon resides at sunrise
the yoga active at sunrise
the karana active at sunrise.
Together these are called the panchaanga-s where pancha means "five" in Sanskrit. An explanation of the terms follows.

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