In near-drowning protocols, where lay first-aiders are advised to undertake CPR in any case whereas the patient is not breathing sufficiently. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation combines chest compressions often with artificial ventilation, in an effort to manually restore spontaneous blood circulation and breathing in a person who is in cardiac arrest. The manufacturer of each of the topical product's active ingredients, could cause skin irritation or change its absorption rate. Ointments are formulated by using hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or water-emulsifying bases to provide preparations that are immiscible, and/or emulsifiable, skin secretions. They can also be derived from water-removable, or water-soluble bases. As a rule of thumb, an ointment base is more occlusive, and will drive the medication into the skin more rapidly than a solution or cream base. It is applied topically as an astringent, after the dilution of water. This is used in many of dermatologic lotions, creams, and commercially premeasured and packaged powders available specifically for this preparation. Lotions are similar to solutions but are thicker and tend to be more emollient in nature than solutions. A cream is an emulsion of oil and water in approximately equal proportions. Cream is thicker than lotion, and maintains its shape when removed from its container. It tends to be moderate in moisturizing tendency. They are used for the application of active ingredients, on the skin, for therapeutic, and/or prophylactic purposes; whereas a degree of occlusion is desired. The restrictions on lifting the veil, found in contractual cases made no difference. The veil is also often ignored in the process of interpreting a statute, and as a matter of tort law, it is open as a matter of authority. The High Court held the exercised control, all applying ordinary principles of tort law about a third party for the patterns of a tortfeasor.