Supernovae and Life - Duncan MacPhun - Wattpad

Supernovae and Life

Reads 76
Votes 18
Parts 10
Time 50m

Reads 76
Votes 18
Parts 10
Time 50m

atmosphere big-bang carbon dna earth elements eukaryotes genome hydrogen life microbes moon nano-machines nucleobases oxygen ribosomes sun supernovae viroids water

Space and time began about 13.7 billion years ago but it consisted almost exclusively of hydrogen until some stars grew sufficiently massive to create the heavier elements in gigantic explosions called supernovae.  
 
The Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago with an orbiting disk of debris that became the Solar System and, about 4.4 billion years ago, the Earth was cool enough for liquid water. 

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus make up 99% of the mass of the human body.  These elements combine to form molecules ranging from water to the twin helices of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that specify the genetic code. 

Life on Earth probably began with complex, virus-like molecules that over billions of years evolved cells and the ability to split carbon dioxide and water (H2O).  The poisonous waste product, oxygen, released into the atmosphere, probably caused the first mass extinctions on Earth.  

WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization.  

Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago.  This astonishing phenomenon has also improved the health, education, and longevity of almost everyone. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity.

Civilization began when we discovered how to use fire and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade.  The discovery of agriculture and trade made us richer but we also discovered how to destroy wealth.  Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas.

Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).All Rights Reserved

atmosphere big-bang carbon dna earth elements eukaryotes genome hydrogen life microbes moon nano-machines nucleobases oxygen ribosomes sun supernovae viroids water

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THE ATOM-SMASHER by somedudeudontknow

The Atom.. A title passed down by the L/N family from generations to generations, always looking for the gift their family had in their family so long ago. But let me start from the beginning. Years ago, in WW2. An Atom researcher and scientist by the name of Alex Rothstein L/N mistakenly altered his blood and genetic code, which would forever change his life. He gained the ability to shrink and grow at will, for this amazing gift. He became an ally to America and a soldier.. but after his untimely death, and the birth of his children His altered blood and genetics passed down to his children, then the next line, and the next. But none of these children gained the ability. Until now.. Introducing Y/N L/N.. A young man, stunned and curious of his family's secret past and powerful abilities. After all of his years of research and investigation, it finally pays off when his uncle L/N begins to reveal the family secret when a new threat arises. (Upcoming Storylines/Books) -The Infinity Saga- 1. Atom-Training (2014-2015) ✅ 2. Ant-Man (2015) ✅ 3. Atom-Smasher: Ready Aim Fire (2015-2016) ✅ 4. Captain America: Civil War (2016) ✅ 5. Avengers: Infinity-War (2017) ✅ 6. Deadpool 2 (2018) ✅ 7. Avengers: Endgame (2018-2022) ✏️ -End Infinity Saga- -The Multiverse Saga- (Yet To Be Made) WARNING : Multiple actors will be used as gifs to portray our character and to help with mental-visualisation of the story. None of those actors are "actually" portraying our character. ✅= Done & Dusted ✏️= Currently In Production/Creation 🚫= Not In Production/Creation

Our Sea by duncmacphun

The arms race began in Mesopotamia with the invention of composite bows, light chariots and crossbows. The Persian (Iranian) emperor tried to conquer Athens in 480 BCE but was delayed by the Spartans at Thermopylae while Greek warships destroyed the Persian fleet. The Macedonian ruler, Alexander the Great, completely destroyed the Persian armies by 326 BCE and established the Greek empire. Then, between 600 and 200 BCE, a few hundred Greeks revolutionized science, mathematics, medicine, engineering, history, law and philosophy. Meanwhile, Greeks settlers in Sicily were in conflict with Rome and, by first century BCE, Romans had conquered Greece, Egypt, Carthage and the old Persian empire. Roman traders made large profits using the Silk Road between Rome, China and India and which created higher incomes though out the Roman empire. Roman engineers built more than 80,000 km of roads throughout the empire and 800 km of aqueducts in Rome delivered a million cubic metres of water each day. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Nuclear by duncmacphun

H.Becquerel found uranium emitted radiation and, in1898, M.Curie extracted minute traces of radium from ore. J.Maxwell predicted electro-magnetic radiation in 1855 and Einstein formulated special relativity; mass could be converted into energy. In 1905, E.Rutherford found radon gas emitted helium nuclei. In 1919, F.Aston identified 212 naturally occurring isotopes. But why was the atomic weight of helium exactly 4.000 and not 4.032? In 1925, Rutherford transmuted nitrogen into an isotope of oxygen. By 1934, J.Chadwick had found neutrons emitted by polonium and E.Fermi had transmuted uranium into plutonium. Fermi's research reactor went critical in 1942. The 235-uranium was extracted at Oak Ridge, while plutonium was produced in Washington state and the first atom bomb exploded in New Mexico in 1945. Two more atom bombs destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending the war with Japan. The first practical nuclear power plant was developed for submarines and, by 2021, 442 fission reactors supplied about 10% of the world's electricity. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Engineering by duncmacphun

Denis Papin built the first steam engine in 1705 and, by 1800, Boulton and Watt had built 451steam engines. In 1870, the British produced 4 million tons of coke for iron and steel production and locomotive and industrial engines. Axel Cronstedt identified tungsten in 1757. Tungsten carbide, proved almost as hard as diamond making it invaluable for cutting tools. Li Chun's Zhaozhou Bridge, in China, was finished in 605 CE and it is still in use. The Kap Shui Mun Bridge, Hong Kong, completed in 1997, has a main span of 430 metres (1,410 ft). In 1886, P.Héroult and C.Hall both dissolved alumina in cryolite, to make pure aluminum by electrolysis. E.Fouché and C.Picard developed oxygen-acetylene torches for welding and cutting steel in 1903. Henry Wickham smuggled 70,000 rubber tree seeds from Brazil, in 1876. Charles Goodyear developed vulcanization in 1840 and by 2017 the world produced 28 million tons of rubber; more than half of which was synthetic. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

{~-Heavenly Veil-~} Rusame Love Story by MasksOfALiar

The rise of embodied human countries walks the earth like man and rule with extraordinary power. Each unique in their own individuality. They rule as kings or queens- coexisting with mankind and modern society. No person can suppress their vast and bountiful knowledge, nor face head on against their power. Thus, this story speaks of something far greater than a human country... Russia of Tsarovia, a prince heir to the throne- is given a chance to see America, a crown prince to Albion Imperium. As a chance leads them into fates hands, trouble springs along with flames soon to ignite the night sky. How will their intertwine paths cross and unfold as they take the destiny of revolution? I will say this story is heavily inspired by many country-humans au's as well creators. I do suggest reading theirs, they are absolutely worth your time. Inspirations- @Miriorite can be found on wattpad @OnyxxCrow can be found on wattpad @NotDivinely Can be found on wattpad @Haunted_Alen can be found on YouTube Hope you can check them out, they're amazing people! THE COVER WAS MADE WITH HELP OF AI SO TECHNIALLY IT IS MINE???? I WILL LET YOU KNOW IF AN ART IS MINE OR NOT AT THE START!!

Flight by duncmacphun

The Orville and Wilbur Wright flew under power in 1903. The first flight travelled only 120 feet but Wilbur flew 24.5 miles in 38 minutes in August 1904. More powerful aircraft engines were developed during WW-1 but airframes were too fragile for aerial fighting. H.Focke's transverse twin-rotor helicopter, broke all helicopter world records in 1937. After WW-1, designers used duralumin airframes and smaller, monoplane wings for fighter aircraft like the Supermarine Spitfire. At Midway, in 1942, American dive-bombers sank three of the four Japanese aircraft carriers. I.Sikorsky developed the first practical single rotor helicopter with a single tail boom rotor and produced over 400 helicopters in WW-2. The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the first jet fighter in action in 1944. For maximum efficiency most jet aircraft need to cruise at about Mach 0.8 (610 mph) and at altitudes above 30,000 ft. In 2021, with battery powered, contra-rotating propellers spinning at 2500 rpm, NASA's Dragonfly helicopter lifted off from the surface of Mars. It weighed only 2 pound. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Life Of Y/n Banner// Wanda Maximoff x Fem!Reader by Bucky_is_our_king

Si vis pacem, para bellum. //If you want peace, prepare for war// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The daughter of the infamous Bruce Banner most known for his time spent saving the world as the Hulk and for his research in gamma radiation. Y/n Banner has never been a secret to the world but her story keeps being altered. So this is her story through her view. Watch as she makes it through physical and mental hurting with crazed and intensified emotions, loss, and through it all love. You may think you know her story but trust me, you don't. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ So I started running. You assume most nerds aren't physically fit but this nerd could run for hours on end and never get tired. Sarah called me the young Steve Rogers even though when Steve Rogers was young it was hard enough for him to walk long distances nevermind run. Running has become a common thing with me. Especially at night after my nightmares. The nightmares are roughly the same, the experiment that turned my dad into a big green monster but instead he doesn't survive the blast. What a lot of people don't know is that I was actually in the lab with him. I watched as he tested the machines to make sure there were no accidents or causalities. Everything seemed to be fine, until it wasn't. The machine malfunctioned and the gamma rays went out of control. Not only did my dad get hit but so did I. The effects weren't exactly the same obviously but they did the same job of giving the victims unnatural abilities. On my run I started to think more about the accident as tears streamed down my face and my feet started to feel like they were on fire since my body wanted to just give out and sulk. My mother chose to leave me, my father tried to leave me. What is it about me that repels people? Why doesn't anyone want me? _________________________________________ Started: 7/16/21 Finished: 7/10/22 DISCLAIMER: I do not own any of these characters they belong to Stan Lee🕊️ and Marvel

Atoms & Light by duncmacphun

In 1657, Otto von Guericke pumped the air from two hemispheres and eight horses could not pull them apart. Amontons found a volume of air shrank as the temperature fell and realized that it would become zero. In 1774, Joseph Priestley isolated oxygen while Lavoisier released hydrogen and burned this with oxygen to make water. In 1832, Michael Faraday built the first electric motor and generator. John Newlands noticed similar chemical properties in a list of elements demonstrating the existence of unknown elements. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented a microscope with 300 times magnification allowing him to see bacteria, spermatozoa and red blood cells. In 1605, Kepler concluded that all the planets moved in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus of the ellipse. Galileo reported that the orbital periods of Jupiter's moons permitted accurate determination of longitude on Earth. Newton and Leibniz independently invented calculus, used extensively in mathematics, science, engineering and economics. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Combustion by duncmacphun

N.Otto was selling 634, 3 hp piston engines a year by 1875 and, between 1908 and 1927, Ford sold over 4 million Model T automobiles. In 1903 the Wright Brother's engine produced 1 horsepower for each 17 pounds of engine weight. In 1943, the Rolls-Royce Merlin aero engine developed 2,000 hp; 1.2 hp for each pound. W.von Braun developed the V-2 long-range rocket used in 1943. Also during World War 2, A.Franz, mass-produced the Jumo 004 turbojet for German aircraft. In 1945, the V-1 cruise missile was powered by a pulsejet engine with virtually no moving parts. The Lockheed "Blackbird" was the fastest manned ramjet; capable of Mach 2 to 4 supersonic speeds. On October 4, 1957 the satellite Sputnik 1 proved that the Soviets were capable of reaching any point in the USA with nuclear weapons. The Syncom 3 communication satellite was placed in geostationary orbits over the Pacific on August 19, 1964. In July 1969 N.Armstrong and B.Aldrin landed a Lunar Module on the moon. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

We Eukaryotes by duncmacphun

About 1.5 billion years ago, the single-celled eukaryotes became the common ancestors of all multicellular plants, animals, and fungi. Fish evolved a primitive lung sac and four limbs, 350 million years ago, so they could crawl between fresh water swamps. About 250 million years ago, the ancestors of all mammals, were tiny nocturnal insectivores and, about 6 million years ago, we began walking on two legs. The most recent Ice Age (2.6 million to 12,000 years ago), severely reduced rainfall in Africa, where Homo habilis was evolving. In Homo erectus (1.9 to 0.5 million years ago), cranial capacity increased to between 850 and 1000 cm3 implying the phenomenal increase of 125,000 more neurons with each generation. Between 70 and 50 thousand years ago, Homo sapiens spread out from east Africa. Then, about 20,000 years ago, evolution made a sharp change in direction. After 250 million years, we ceased to be hunter gatherers. The Neolithic Revolution meant we could never go back. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

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Slide 1 of 10

THE ATOM-SMASHER cover

Engineering cover

{~-Heavenly Veil-~} Rusame Love Story cover

Life Of Y/n Banner// Wanda Maximoff x Fem!Reader cover

Atoms & Light cover

Combustion cover

We Eukaryotes cover

THE ATOM-SMASHER

The Atom.. A title passed down by the L/N family from generations to generations, always looking for the gift their family had in their family so long ago. But let me start from the beginning. Years ago, in WW2. An Atom researcher and scientist by the name of Alex Rothstein L/N mistakenly altered his blood and genetic code, which would forever change his life. He gained the ability to shrink and grow at will, for this amazing gift. He became an ally to America and a soldier.. but after his untimely death, and the birth of his children His altered blood and genetics passed down to his children, then the next line, and the next. But none of these children gained the ability. Until now.. Introducing Y/N L/N.. A young man, stunned and curious of his family's secret past and powerful abilities. After all of his years of research and investigation, it finally pays off when his uncle L/N begins to reveal the family secret when a new threat arises. (Upcoming Storylines/Books) -The Infinity Saga- 1. Atom-Training (2014-2015) ✅ 2. Ant-Man (2015) ✅ 3. Atom-Smasher: Ready Aim Fire (2015-2016) ✅ 4. Captain America: Civil War (2016) ✅ 5. Avengers: Infinity-War (2017) ✅ 6. Deadpool 2 (2018) ✅ 7. Avengers: Endgame (2018-2022) ✏️ -End Infinity Saga- -The Multiverse Saga- (Yet To Be Made) WARNING : Multiple actors will be used as gifs to portray our character and to help with mental-visualisation of the story. None of those actors are "actually" portraying our character. ✅= Done & Dusted ✏️= Currently In Production/Creation 🚫= Not In Production/Creation