We Eukaryotes - Duncan MacPhun - Wattpad

We Eukaryotes

Reads 107
Votes 21
Parts 13
Time 1h 10m

Reads 107
Votes 21
Parts 13
Time 1h 10m

About 1.5 billion years ago, the single-celled eukaryotes became the common ancestors of all multicellular plants, animals, and fungi.

Fish evolved a primitive lung sac and four limbs, 350 million years ago, so they could crawl between fresh water swamps. 

About 250 million years ago, the ancestors of all mammals, were tiny nocturnal insectivores and, about 6 million years ago, we began walking on two legs. 

The most recent Ice Age (2.6 million to 12,000 years ago), severely reduced rainfall in Africa, where Homo habilis was evolving.

In Homo erectus (1.9 to 0.5 million years ago), cranial capacity increased to between 850 and 1000 cm3 implying the phenomenal increase of 125,000 more neurons with each generation.

Between 70 and 50 thousand years ago, Homo sapiens spread out from east Africa. 

Then, about 20,000 years ago, evolution made a sharp change in direction.  After 250 million years, we ceased to be  hunter gatherers. The Neolithic Revolution meant we could never go back.

WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization.  

Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago.  This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity.  The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity.

It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade.  The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned  how to destroy wealth.  Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas.

Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).All Rights Reserved

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L.O.V.E. by denissebloom04

100 years ago, amidst WW3's nuclear bombing, a deadly virus was released in the atmosphere and nearly wiping out the humanity. It lives inside the human brain thriving on the empathy receptors, leading to irrational behaviour and ultimately brain death. To slow the damage, scientists created L.O.V.E, short for Living Off Vital Emotions, a nanovaccine that numbs the virus and switches off all strong emotions. As a last resort and with a dying planet, the Supreme Government created the City, a place to contain the infected survivors suitable for the experiment. Those in the first stages of illness became ideal candidates to receive the neuroinhibitor. Having their feelings restrained and their memory altered, those who come of age are designated a life partner through a Selection process, thus preserving the humankind. A few decades after the trial had started, scientists had a major breakthrough. The nanites, which are highly chemically reactive organisms, are changing their bio-engineered purpose when dopamine levels are high. With a new generation of nanoids, stronger and smarter to fight the battle, the virus doesn't have a chance. Many attempts were made to create a man-made version of synthetic dopamine and each time the outcome was a disaster. Their goal is to create new generations, immune to the virus. These are called Purebloods, the offsprings of those who find pure love, the only cure to save them from a violent death. Running out of time, the Experiment entered in its final stages. To minimize the threats, the Colonies have sent their best soldiers to oversee the trial and protect its key subjects. If only things were going according to plan, or better...stay hidden. With Iron Guard, the resistance outside the walls, hunting the Purebloods too, will the trial save human race before it's too late? #3 in #dystopianfuture (27.06.2020)

The True King (Completed) by Lizardboy22

People changed into dinosaurs and prehistoric reptiles ranging from small dinosaurs such as Microraptor to giants such as Argentinosaurus a colossal one plus foot long herbivore. Read the journey of Ash Huntsman and his friends as they start off as humans before they become hunters. Will they reach the highest point of the food pyramid? Will he become the king and the strongest apex predator the world has seen? I will be editing this later on but not quite yet expect the process to start sometime in March maybe April of this year. Marine retiles include animals from the Cambrian period to Cretaceous period. Giants of these include Mosasaurus, giant sharks, and the earliest Brontoscropio from the Cambrian period. Ancient animals: postosuchus, gorgonopsid, and dimetrodons. Time periods in order oldest to youngest Palaeozoic era begins: Cambrian 570-492 Million years ago Ordovician 492- 435 Million Years ago Silurian 435-412 Million years ago Devonian 412-354 Million years ago Carboniferous splits into two eras Mississippian and Pennsylvanian 354- 286 Million Years ago Permian 286-248 Million Years ago Massive extinction ending the Palaeozoic Era Palaeozoic era ends and Mesozoic begins: Triassic Period 248-213 million years ago Jurassic Period 213- 144 million years ago Cretaceous Period 144- 65 million years ago Biggest Mass extinction since the Permian Period. These are the time periods which the prehistoric creatures are from -------------------- Total Word Count: 35551 words in total ------------------- Rankings as of 11/30/20 1# Ecosystem 3# Migration 14#prey 28# dinosaur

The second birth of Humanity by karamela15

Lockdown. Quarantine. Pandemic. Precautions. Going insane. That's our lives in 2020. Because of the virus. But how would it be if we never find the vaccine? How woud we adapt to that? How would we live? As I already said on my other stories, English isn't my native language so I apologize for the mistakes you'll probably find. Hope you'll enjoy it! :) •Officially published and finished on April 17th, 2020• All rights reserved, no copyright will be tolerated.

The Carriers by JarrynPaige

Completed! #1 in government conspiracy as of 10/19/18 #6 in outbreak as of 10/10/18 #7 in corruption as of 8/12/18 #62 in apocalypse as of 8/7/18 #11 in government as of 8/9/18 The year is 2213. Everyone was evacuated from the home planet over 150 years ago. Our planet was dying, it was only a matter of time before our race was wiped out. We now live on a synthetic planet designed and built by our ancestors who came together from all parts of the globe to devise a plan to save us. We have lived peacefully for over a century.. Until now. Our lives were threatened when a mysterious and deadly virus broke out, killing entire communities at a time. The council says that they have a plan; they said that in order to prevent the death of more innocent people they will test every man, woman, and child for signs of the virus. Any person found to have been infected will be quarantined, the ones who die will be given a proper burial while the ones who survive are deemed carriers and are to be sent to the home planet to prevent further outbreak. I was prepared for the people I know and some I love being taken away for the greater good, but I never would have expected that among the list of people being taken from my community, that I would be one of them.. I survived the quarantine. Now for the survival of my planet I, and the other Carriers must be sent to the home planet. I'm going back to Earth. (This is not based on The 100 but there are similarities.) (Some violent themes, but other than that is entirely clean.) Please comment if you have any questions or concerns. This is a first draft so it is definitely not perfect yet.. Thank you! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ "Where'd you learn to do that?" I asked about the intricate knots that he had tied so swiftly. He paused. "Jail." I glared at him in shock at what had just come out of his mouth. "Seriously?" His straight face broke into a grin. "No. Boy Scouts."

Prehistoric Wild: Life in the Mesozoic by ZacharyDow

Step into a world lost to time with "Prehistoric Wild: Life in the Mesozoic," a captivating collection of short stories that transport you to the ancient past. Each tale unfolds in a different fossil formation around the globe. Gain a glimpse into unseen times in natural history from the healing world of the Triassic, the ecological bloom of the Jurassic, and the waning days of the Cretaceous. Explore worlds much different from our own such as the sea of middle North America, the wetlands of southern Mongolia, and the forests of the Antarctic. Meticulously researched and vividly imagined, these stories strive to capture the authenticity and wonder of life during the Mesozoic era. Written in a style inspired by nature documentaries, each story offers a realistic and immersive glimpse into the behaviors, struggles, and triumphs of a diverse array of creatures that once roamed our planet. Whether it's the famous dinosaurs, the sky-faring pterosaurs, the long-forgotten marine reptiles, or the earliest ancestors of mammals, this collection brings the ancient world to life with compelling accuracy. Drawing inspiration from modern-day natural phenomena as well as the latest theories and discoveries in paleontology, these tales blur the line between fact and fiction, reviving the distant echoes of prehistoric life. Join us on this journey through time, where the wonders of long ago await your discovery. Experience life on Earth as it once was for over 180 million years. Welcome to the Prehistoric Wild.

sad or happy - choose by duncmacphun

Many of us are not happy about ourselves, something we have done or not done, or the way we react to other people. We keep recycling sad thoughts until they become what we are. We can break this cycle . . . we really can choose to be happy. For most people being happy is not difficult but it does require persistence to undo the habits of a life time. There are many simple techniques to promote happiness. Some of them you probably heard from your grandmother . . . but there are other, less obvious ways. The brain makes up about 2 percent of a human's body weight, uses 20% of the oxygen consumed by the body and . . . is often not under our control. Proof? Try counting slowly with your eyes closed in a quiet place. How far did you get before you lost count and started thinking about something else? Many people can't make it past ten. Drugs are not the answer. Why risk addiction while destroying your lungs and your brain with alcohol, nicotine (smoking tobacco or vaping), cannabis (marijuana), opium derived drugs like Oxycontin or other unnecessary and unhealthy chemicals? If you need to dispel a bad mood, use one or more meditation techniques, evolution's natural way to obtain happiness. There are external causes of unhappiness and these are discussed in later chapters. I appreciate, and will respond to, questions, comments, suggestions (and votes). Thanks for reading. Dunc MacPhun. .

Middle Era by duncmacphun

Jesus and Muhammad adopted the Hebrew's belief in one God and Christianity and Islam spread throughout the world. The Chinese were using gunpowder in the 9th century and, by the 13th , cannon dominated the battlefields. Paper money appeared in China from 1216, as many financial transactions were too large for heavy bronze coins. The Anglo-Saxons built light, fast ships to stop the Vikings raiding Britain and, in 1546, Henry VIII established the "Navy Royal" which Elizabeth I used to defeat the Spanish armada. Before 1764 a worker needed 50,000 hours to spin 100 lb of cotton thread on a hand-powered wheel but only 300 hours with a spinning machine. Between 1770 and 1773, James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle and mapped the coasts of New Zealand, Australia and the west coast of north America. By 100 BCE, Chinese were weaving complex silk brocade cloth. In 1804, J. M. Jacquard reinvented the Chinese loom, using a chain of cards to control which threads of weft or warp appeared on the cloth. This was the beginning of computers. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Wealth by duncmacphun

Banking began in Florence, Venice and Genoa in the 14th century when Jews set up their benches in the piazzas to loan money and insure farmers crops. The ideas spread to Amsterdam and London, while the first stock exchange began in Amsterdam in 1611. Granted a charter in 1600, the East India company paid investors an average dividend of 16% per year. John Locke, by asserting that liberty was the basis for a prosperous society, influenced the United States Declaration of Independence. Lloyd's of London insurance market began in 1774. In 1776, Adam Smith explained how rational self-interest, competition and free markets would eliminate poverty. Milton Friedman maintained a country's abilities derived from its free markets while its failures came from government intervention. Bill Gates became rich by devising software that everyone wanted to buy. In the process he employed thousands in well paid jobs. In 2020, the U.S. flooded the economy with money to prevent a depression caused by a pandemic. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Supernovae and Life by duncmacphun

Space and time began about 13.7 billion years ago but it consisted almost exclusively of hydrogen until some stars grew sufficiently massive to create the heavier elements in gigantic explosions called supernovae. The Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago with an orbiting disk of debris that became the Solar System and, about 4.4 billion years ago, the Earth was cool enough for liquid water. Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus make up 99% of the mass of the human body. These elements combine to form molecules ranging from water to the twin helices of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that specify the genetic code. Life on Earth probably began with complex, virus-like molecules that over billions of years evolved cells and the ability to split carbon dioxide and water (H2O). The poisonous waste product, oxygen, released into the atmosphere, probably caused the first mass extinctions on Earth. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved the health, education, and longevity of almost everyone. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. Civilization began when we discovered how to use fire and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture and trade made us richer but we also discovered how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Behind every mean girl...there's a tragedy by Winchesters_united

The average human being spends every second of his day fighting against the force of nature to see another day. But I'm different. I'm not afraid of outside forces to take my life away - only myself. Approximately 10 years ago, something happened to me. Something really bad. But I'm not allowed to talk about it. As a way to release my frustration, I give hell to my body and everyone I come in contact with - especially my parents. No one knows about what happened except the ones who did it...and Him. But he didn't stay. Now, he's back and he's not talking either. I want to stop hurting, I need to stop. Make me stop.

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Slide 1 of 10

The True King (Completed) cover

The second birth of Humanity cover

The Carriers cover

Prehistoric Wild: Life in the Mesozoic cover

sad or happy - choose cover

Middle Era cover

Supernovae and Life cover

Behind every mean girl...there's a tragedy cover

L.O.V.E.

100 years ago, amidst WW3's nuclear bombing, a deadly virus was released in the atmosphere and nearly wiping out the humanity. It lives inside the human brain thriving on the empathy receptors, leading to irrational behaviour and ultimately brain death. To slow the damage, scientists created L.O.V.E, short for Living Off Vital Emotions, a nanovaccine that numbs the virus and switches off all strong emotions. As a last resort and with a dying planet, the Supreme Government created the City, a place to contain the infected survivors suitable for the experiment. Those in the first stages of illness became ideal candidates to receive the neuroinhibitor. Having their feelings restrained and their memory altered, those who come of age are designated a life partner through a Selection process, thus preserving the humankind. A few decades after the trial had started, scientists had a major breakthrough. The nanites, which are highly chemically reactive organisms, are changing their bio-engineered purpose when dopamine levels are high. With a new generation of nanoids, stronger and smarter to fight the battle, the virus doesn't have a chance. Many attempts were made to create a man-made version of synthetic dopamine and each time the outcome was a disaster. Their goal is to create new generations, immune to the virus. These are called Purebloods, the offsprings of those who find pure love, the only cure to save them from a violent death. Running out of time, the Experiment entered in its final stages. To minimize the threats, the Colonies have sent their best soldiers to oversee the trial and protect its key subjects. If only things were going according to plan, or better...stay hidden. With Iron Guard, the resistance outside the walls, hunting the Purebloods too, will the trial save human race before it's too late? #3 in #dystopianfuture (27.06.2020)