Middle Era - Duncan MacPhun - Wattpad

Middle Era

Reads 79
Votes 23
Parts 13
Time 1h 24m

Reads 79
Votes 23
Parts 13
Time 1h 24m

anglo-saxons captain-cook charts-maps clocks cogs francis-drake gun-powder guns henry-8th hms-victory islam jacquard-loom mercator monasteries rope-walks royal-navy spinning trafagar vikings weaving

Jesus and Muhammad adopted the Hebrew's belief in one God and Christianity and Islam spread throughout the world.

The Chinese were using gunpowder in the 9th century and, by the 13th , cannon dominated the battlefields.

Paper money appeared in China from 1216, as many financial transactions were too large for heavy bronze coins. 

The Anglo-Saxons built light, fast ships to stop the Vikings raiding Britain and, in 1546, Henry VIII established the "Navy Royal" which Elizabeth I used to defeat the Spanish armada.

Before 1764 a worker needed 50,000 hours to spin 100 lb of cotton thread on a hand-powered wheel but only 300 hours with a spinning machine. 

Between 1770 and 1773, James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle and mapped the coasts of New Zealand, Australia and the west coast of north America.

By 100 BCE, Chinese were weaving complex silk brocade cloth.  In 1804, J. M. Jacquard reinvented the Chinese loom, using a chain of cards to control which threads of weft or warp appeared on the cloth.  This was the beginning of computers.


WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization.  

Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago.  This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity.  The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity.

It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade.  The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned  how to destroy wealth.  Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas.

Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).All Rights Reserved

anglo-saxons captain-cook charts-maps clocks cogs francis-drake gun-powder guns henry-8th hms-victory islam jacquard-loom mercator monasteries rope-walks royal-navy spinning trafagar vikings weaving

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Neolithic by duncmacphun

The first agricultural revolutions began about 10,000 BCE in Egypt, China and Mesopotamia (Iraq). Trading require counting and the first written language; in general use by 2600 BCE. The first epic poem, Gilgamesh, was written in cuneiform. The first alphabet assigned Semitic characters to Egyptian hieroglyphs about 2000 BCE. It was adopted by the Greeks about 800 BCE and later modified for the Roman Latin alphabet. The Chinese built the first blast furnaces (using piston-bellows driven by waterwheels) and cast iron farm tools and weapons were common by 500 BCE. Austronesians sailed outrigger canoes over 6,000 kilometers from Taiwan to reach New Zealand from about 3000 BCE. About 100 BCE the Malays of Indonesia traded between China, India and Africa in sailing ships carrying 1000 people and a 260 ton cargo. The Greek navigator, Pytheas, sailed to the north Atlantic about 325 BCE where he recorded polar ice, the Midnight Sun and lunar tides. The Roman Prefect of Egypt (26-24 BCE), Aelius Gallus, noted 120 trading ships leaving Myos Hormos for India. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Health by duncmacphun

The human population increased from 1 billion to 7.8 billion between 1800 and 2020 because of sewage treatment, clean drinking water, vitamins, vaccines and antibiotics. In the USA in 1800, 46% of babies died before their fifth birthday; in 2020 less than 1% died. (Breastfeeding babies up to 12 months should be given 400 IU of vitamin D per day; 600 IU thereafter). In 1536, Jacques Cartier's crew were cured of scurvy with a tea made from the arbor vitae tree's needles (which have 50 mg of vitamin C per 100g). In 1796, Dr.E.Jenner developed a smallpox vaccine from cowpox. In 1812, When Napoleon invaded Russia only 40,000 soldiers survived a typhus epidemic; over 400,000 died. Between1848 and 1870, life expectancy in Liverpool, England, increased from 19 years to 40 years because of the new sewage system. In 1854, Dr. J. Snow identified a public well as the source of a cholera outbreak in London. In 1865, J.Lister applied a carbolic acid solution, to a boy's broken leg and was amazed when the leg bones fused back together without gangrene. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Our Sea by duncmacphun

The arms race began in Mesopotamia with the invention of composite bows, light chariots and crossbows. The Persian (Iranian) emperor tried to conquer Athens in 480 BCE but was delayed by the Spartans at Thermopylae while Greek warships destroyed the Persian fleet. The Macedonian ruler, Alexander the Great, completely destroyed the Persian armies by 326 BCE and established the Greek empire. Then, between 600 and 200 BCE, a few hundred Greeks revolutionized science, mathematics, medicine, engineering, history, law and philosophy. Meanwhile, Greeks settlers in Sicily were in conflict with Rome and, by first century BCE, Romans had conquered Greece, Egypt, Carthage and the old Persian empire. Roman traders made large profits using the Silk Road between Rome, China and India and which created higher incomes though out the Roman empire. Roman engineers built more than 80,000 km of roads throughout the empire and 800 km of aqueducts in Rome delivered a million cubic metres of water each day. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

From Aliya to Hafiz by Zahrah_Danzaki

"And We have made some of you a trial for others. Will you ˹not then˺ be patient?" The first time I read this ayah in surah Furqaan, I had no idea it defined my future so clearly. ********** Hafiz Hakimi;- A 26-year-old Nigerian-American who grew up believing those who worshipped something they couldn't see were crazy motherfuckers. But it wasn't like he would go out of his way to tell them his opinion. His life was perfect, a routine of work, party, fuck, sleep, and repeat. His only source of annoyance was the woman whose vagina he popped out of, but even she was very far away from him. Life was good, everything was great. Until one fateful trip to Nigeria, his home country, set off a tornado that wrecked his mundane to pieces. Aliya Suleiman;- A 22-year-old hafiza whose only goal was to finish studying medicine, the devil's course. She only planned to get married after making her first million dollars, a feat her best friend Jasra said was impossible. She wasn't offended of course, because she never planned to get married. And if she did, it would be to someone more pious than her, mature and respectful; indulging. But then the one person she couldn't say no to begged her with tears in her eyes to marry her son. She was the woman who raised her and provided for her mother and her. There was no way she could refuse. It was the worst thing to have ever happened to both of them. A sudden downpour on an otherwise clear sunny day. He wasn't anywhere near the kind of man she imagined herself with. She was the woman raised by the person he hated the most. It was basically a recipe for disaster. She saw him as a way to repay a favour. He wanted to use her to get revenge. And as such, the stage was set and the curtains lifted. ___ ⚠️⚠️⚠️: UPDATES ON MONDAYS AND THURSDAYS ___ 🚨 This is entirely a work of fiction. Any resemblance to persons, places, a particular culture or event; whether real or fictional, is purely coincidental.

Transcendence (A Muslim-Christian Story) by BintUmmi

"So you approached me without being aware of my identity?" He asks me, while raising an eyebrow. To say I was shocked would be an understatement. It takes me a while to compose myself and form a sensible reply. "Yes, I wasn't aware of your identity." "You might think you can fool me, but trust me, this has happened quite a few times before as well." He says with a very serious expression. I'm baffled by his accusation. This man has the audacity to question my intentions when he's the one trying to converse with me all along. I don't know what comes over me, but whenever I'm overwhelmed with anger, it turns into tears. And before I can compose myself, I taste the salty tears in my mouth. I take a few deep breaths, place the cup on the side table and get up to leave. "Thank you for your hospitality and your excellent assessment of my character. I will now take your leave." With that, I turn to head towards the door but he grabs my hand and pulls me towards him. Characters: Ameerah is a happy-go-lucky 23 year old who has recently graduated from med school. She is an optimist with quite a rosy view of the world. She is far from perfect. She has her faults; some she's aware of and others, not so much. She's stronger than most in some ways, weaker than many in others. Sebastian McArdle is a Consultant in General Surgery at the Royal London Hospital. He's one of the youngest and most accomplished surgeon in town. To an outsider, his life would seem perfect. He's young, handsome, successful, rich and hails from one of the most respected families in the country. But life is not always what it seems to be. He has his own set of problems. As Our Holy Qur'an states Surah An-Nisa, Verse 28: Allah desires that He should make light your burdens, and man is created weak. Follow a story of trials and errors, to finding her path to love, and to Life.

steam by duncmacphun

On a 10 weeks sea trial in 1761, J.Harrison's chronometer was in error by less than 5 seconds. In 1758, Dr E.Darwin replaced the ancient front axle design with two stub axles, pivoting near the wheel; now a feature of all vehicles. F.G. Koenig used his steam driven press, to print an edition of The Times newspaper, in 1814. The Rocket locomotive won the 1829 Rainhill Trials with a top speed of 30 miles per hour. A steamship, from New York City took 115 days to reach to San Francisco in 1848. In 1851, all telegraph stations in the USA were connected and by 1940 there were 40 telegraph lines across the Atlantic. Corrugated paper was invented in 1856, to stiffen tall hats and, in 1874, Oliver Long inventing corrugated board. In 1861, waterwheel powered air compressors and pneumatic drills, cut construction time by 16 years for a tunnel in Switzerland. Fritz Haber's discovered a process to make ammonia fertilizer in 1914. In 1887, Nicola Tesla invented the first AC motor. In 1903, an automatic machine was able to make 2,500 bottles an hour. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

OBLIVIOUS. (way of life - Islamic book) by Niqabi_Secrets

SPIRITUAL | ISLAM; THE WAY OF LIFE | THEY REGRETTED IGNORING ISLAM BECAUSE THEY WERE BLINDED BY THE WORLDLY FAME. In order to increase your awareness but not let boredom exhaust you ; information here wouldn't be elongated, all will be briefly explained. ~ please read, to avoid immersing in a sinful life ~ please read, to be aware of the sinfulness. ~ please read, to make life a better place. GO THROUGH THE TOPICS (LIST) AT LEAST ONCE, PICK- READ WHATEVER THAT WILL INCREASE YOUR AWARENESS, AND WILL PREVENT YOU FROM SINNING. IT WILL LEAD YOU TO BECOME A BETTER PRACTICING MUSLIM, IN SHA ALLAH. READ FOR YOUR OWN BENEFIT, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. SHARE WITH OTHERS, IT WILL CHANGE ONES HEART, IN SHA ALLAH. -------------------------------- ~we are the messengers of the prophets, and our duty is to spread the beauty of Islam, the knowledge of Islam, I'm going to take the advantage of being a wattpader and do what I'm capable of by the will of Allah. #DONOTBEAFRAIDTOSPREADISLAM. PART I - READING & WATCHING MATURE or INTIMIDATING, EXPLICITLY, PORN CONTENT. PART II - CHANGES IN BODY; AFTER READING/WATCHING SEXUALLY INTIMIDATING CONTENT. PART III - WRITING & CREATING MATURE or INTIMIDATING, EXPLICITLY, PORN CONTENT. #P1 DISCUSSION(with a sister) : SLEEPING WITH SPOUSE. SHY. SCARED / A NON-MEHRAM. #P2 DISCUSSION(with a sister) : MASTURBATING IS UNCONTROLLABLE, I CANT STOP IT. PART I - WAYS TO NOT COMMIT SEXUAL INTERCOURSE & WITH. PART II - SEXUAL INTERCOURSE IN ISLAM. PART III - HOW SEXUAL INTERCOURSE IS PRESCRIBED IN ISLAM. #P3 DISCUSSION(with a sister) : I USED TO SECRETLY WATCH INAPPROPRIATE CONTENT. #P4 DISCUSSION(with a sister) : MASTURBATION WAS RUINING MY LIFE. PART I - STARING AT CELEBRITIES/BAND BOYS-GIRLS/NON MEHRAM. PART II - WATCHING DRAMAS- STARING AT CELEBRITIES/NON MEHRAM. ~ messenger of messenger @Niqabi_secrets ----------------------- started : SEP 2019 status : ongoing

Stolen Fate (Final Draft) by LayLuTheAuther

It starts in London 1557, when two people were in an argument until they had to defeat each other in order to gain power and trust, however one of them ended up getting trapped inside the sword. This makes the sword more powerful and ends up automatically killing them both chasing a huge explosion. Now it moves onto 2010 when 2 boys become friends as kids they grow together while one has a bad life and the other has a good fantasy that the other one always wanted. The boys were named Derik and Adam, Adam was a good kid and had a good life. He was 15 and it was 2019. Derik was 17 and graduated high school. A while after, in 2022 Adam stole Derik's dream job, soon Adam became friends with Derik's biggest crush. Derik remained a failure even though he graduated, no one accepted him and called him a Dork. Even after Adam was the reason Derik's dog got killed. That was when he ghosted Adam and never spoke to him or saw him again. Later in 2026 Adam is an investigator and noticed that a scar on the ground was shaped like a sword. like it was there for years but he didn't think much of it until buildings started being burnt down 7 times. That was when he got concerned to find out who is doing this. Derik soon slowly left the plot for a while but who knows what's going on. A disaster was even caused 2 years later that never ended. Derik was pronounced dead in 2022 and Adam even forgot about him so he never knew. However his happiness was going to come to an end.

Invention by duncmacphun

In 1885 a Pennsylvanian oil field produced 77 % of the world's oil supply. By 1889, J.Maxwell's equations for electro-magnetism and H.R. Hertz's, proof inspired Einstein's theory of relativity. By 1841, W.Talbot and J. Herschel had fixed photographic images on silver iodide coated paper. Kodachrome film captured red, green, and blue colours in three layers of emulsion in 1936. J.M. Spangler developed the first successful portable 'Electric Suction Sweeper' in 1908. In 1851, I. Singer added a foot treadle drive to his sewing machines and, by 1900, a shirt could be made in one hour. In 1885, John Starley and William Sutton invented the modern safety bicycle. S. Morse sent his first telegraph message in 1844 and 32 years later, Alexander Graham Bell made the first long-distance telephone call. The rotary Strowger switch allowed connections without an operator in 1891. Banks of these later provided 13,200 voice channels on one coaxial cable. Marconi's spark gap radio of 1896 was crucial during the 1912 Titanic disaster. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Migration by duncmacphun

The Roman Empire began to decline after Germanic tribes crossed the river Rhine in 406 CE. When Constantine III recalled the legions from Britain, three years later, the Angles and Saxons invaded and Britain became known as Angleland. The Visigoths sacked Rome in 410. The Vandals invaded north Africa in 429 and conquered Carthage before crossing the Mediterranean to sack Rome in 455 CE. Meanwhile, Christianity grew from a minor Hebrew religious cult to dominate much of Europe. With the continual violence, people reverted to a poorer lifestyle. However, the metal workers, glass blowers, carpenters, leather workers, rope makers, weavers, potters and farmers developed more efficient horse drawn plows, improved crop yields, build better boats and the first engineers designed water wheels to irrigate crops, grind seeds and saw wood. They invented wooden barrels, wagon wheels and windmills as the Chinese invented paper and printing. Meanwhile, the Indians revolutionized mathematics and Moslems discovered chemistry. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

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Slide 1 of 10

Neolithic cover

From Aliya to Hafiz cover

Transcendence (A Muslim-Christian Story) cover

OBLIVIOUS. (way of life - Islamic book) cover

Stolen Fate (Final Draft) cover

Invention cover

Migration cover

Neolithic

The first agricultural revolutions began about 10,000 BCE in Egypt, China and Mesopotamia (Iraq). Trading require counting and the first written language; in general use by 2600 BCE. The first epic poem, Gilgamesh, was written in cuneiform. The first alphabet assigned Semitic characters to Egyptian hieroglyphs about 2000 BCE. It was adopted by the Greeks about 800 BCE and later modified for the Roman Latin alphabet. The Chinese built the first blast furnaces (using piston-bellows driven by waterwheels) and cast iron farm tools and weapons were common by 500 BCE. Austronesians sailed outrigger canoes over 6,000 kilometers from Taiwan to reach New Zealand from about 3000 BCE. About 100 BCE the Malays of Indonesia traded between China, India and Africa in sailing ships carrying 1000 people and a 260 ton cargo. The Greek navigator, Pytheas, sailed to the north Atlantic about 325 BCE where he recorded polar ice, the Midnight Sun and lunar tides. The Roman Prefect of Egypt (26-24 BCE), Aelius Gallus, noted 120 trading ships leaving Myos Hormos for India. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).