Combustion - Duncan MacPhun - Wattpad

Combustion

Reads 111
Votes 39
Parts 13
Time 1h 19m

Reads 111
Votes 39
Parts 13
Time 1h 19m

N.Otto was selling 634, 3 hp piston engines a year by 1875 and, between 1908 and 1927, Ford sold over 4 million Model T automobiles.  

In 1903 the Wright Brother's engine produced 1 horsepower for each 17 pounds of engine weight.  In 1943, the Rolls-Royce Merlin aero engine developed 2,000 hp; 1.2 hp for each pound.

W.von Braun developed the V-2 long-range rocket used in 1943.  Also during World War 2, A.Franz, mass-produced the Jumo 004 turbojet for German aircraft. 

In 1945, the V-1 cruise missile was powered by a pulsejet engine with virtually no moving parts.

The Lockheed "Blackbird" was the fastest manned ramjet; capable of Mach 2 to 4 supersonic speeds.

On October 4, 1957 the satellite Sputnik 1 proved that the Soviets  were capable of reaching any point in the USA with nuclear weapons.

The Syncom 3 communication satellite was placed in geostationary orbits over the Pacific on August 19, 1964.  

In July 1969 N.Armstrong and B.Aldrin landed a Lunar Module on the moon.




WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization.  

Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago.  This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity.  The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity.

It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade.  The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned  how to destroy wealth.  Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas.

Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).All Rights Reserved

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steam by duncmacphun

On a 10 weeks sea trial in 1761, J.Harrison's chronometer was in error by less than 5 seconds. In 1758, Dr E.Darwin replaced the ancient front axle design with two stub axles, pivoting near the wheel; now a feature of all vehicles. F.G. Koenig used his steam driven press, to print an edition of The Times newspaper, in 1814. The Rocket locomotive won the 1829 Rainhill Trials with a top speed of 30 miles per hour. A steamship, from New York City took 115 days to reach to San Francisco in 1848. In 1851, all telegraph stations in the USA were connected and by 1940 there were 40 telegraph lines across the Atlantic. Corrugated paper was invented in 1856, to stiffen tall hats and, in 1874, Oliver Long inventing corrugated board. In 1861, waterwheel powered air compressors and pneumatic drills, cut construction time by 16 years for a tunnel in Switzerland. Fritz Haber's discovered a process to make ammonia fertilizer in 1914. In 1887, Nicola Tesla invented the first AC motor. In 1903, an automatic machine was able to make 2,500 bottles an hour. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Middle Era by duncmacphun

Jesus and Muhammad adopted the Hebrew's belief in one God and Christianity and Islam spread throughout the world. The Chinese were using gunpowder in the 9th century and, by the 13th , cannon dominated the battlefields. Paper money appeared in China from 1216, as many financial transactions were too large for heavy bronze coins. The Anglo-Saxons built light, fast ships to stop the Vikings raiding Britain and, in 1546, Henry VIII established the "Navy Royal" which Elizabeth I used to defeat the Spanish armada. Before 1764 a worker needed 50,000 hours to spin 100 lb of cotton thread on a hand-powered wheel but only 300 hours with a spinning machine. Between 1770 and 1773, James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle and mapped the coasts of New Zealand, Australia and the west coast of north America. By 100 BCE, Chinese were weaving complex silk brocade cloth. In 1804, J. M. Jacquard reinvented the Chinese loom, using a chain of cards to control which threads of weft or warp appeared on the cloth. This was the beginning of computers. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

United We Stand, Divided We Fall by USMCGamer101

(This books contain plenty Sensitive Topics about the 2nd World War, The Holocaust and many more. I do not support the actions of the Germans during WW2, I Don't support Racism, I Don't support Nazism. This book will try to divert as much of the sensitive topics away but they are still included. If you don't like any of the topics in this book please do not read. If this book is seem as offensive i will halt all Progress on this book and delete it. If it seems offensive please tell me.) The year was 1941 and something happened to the Neutral United States Of America. The Japanese plan to bomb pearl Harbor never happened after the Japanese fleet was hit by a shockwave destroying it. All Communications with the U.S. Has cease. The Remaining Allied Power in confusion and shock that the Sleeping Giant was gone...Or was it? All Across Canada people stare in shock of tall buildings, Weird vehicles and People in the U.S.-Canadian Border. The Japanese Navy was shock at the sight of Multiple large ships and Aircraft Carriers now in the Pacific Ocean. The British stare in shock at multiple Black Aircrafts that hover above London and Land, revealing men wearing odd Camoflauge Patterns and bulky gear. How will the Modern United States Of America React being transferred back to the Second World War? (new rewrite)

Fireworks【Laurence X Reader】[ Completed ] by Mariko_Akiyama

CONTENT CONTAINS : MENTAL ILLNESS SEXUAL CONTENT DRUG USE VIOLENCE & STRONG LANGUAGE IF YOUR EASILY TRIGGERED OR UNCOMFORTABLE, DO NOT READ!! • " Your father would've been proud " " He would " " I couldn't have done it without you all " " Don't sweat it " " Here " " What's this for? " " The wedding " " Wedding?, Now?! " • Everyone has that one day when they can't forget about it, because it's that unforgettable, I have it too. But it's not a pretty one. Traveling here and there is how I survive, keeps me alive, that's how I was taught, survive. But they didn't told me falling in love was a part of it. It wasn't my intention to even fall for a guy, nonetheless he's the one who bumped into me. . . .well not exactly. Loud noises and lights were above the sky. Just because of that day, we didn't even realize that it had a lot of meaning to it. The lights were colorful and years of spending life together, it happened again when we knew we were meant for each other. We call them Fireworks. Who are they?, What does fireworks has to do anything with this?, What will happen?, Is there going to be a tragic ending? Read this book to know. Credit : To a series called 'The Witcher' [ Completed ] Started : 10th March 2021 Finished : 9th July 2021 [ Highest Ranking : #64 in Aphmau ] [ #9 in Laurence ] [ #16 in Laurence X Reader ] Disclaimers : I do not own ANY of the characters only the ideas, they belong to a youtuber called Aphmau, I don't own any of the songs either or the pictures, except Y/n, it belongs to you. There are a few characters that I OWN myself. My OC : Xelora Kiselyov Catherine Fox Ash Lee Mandrell Natalie Rosetta Mandrell Coraline Alycia Jones Mariko Akiyama

Loving Mr. Cavalier by taty_ABM

When Liliana signed up to become a private flight attendant, she believed she had a general idea of what the job entailed. Strictly professional. What she didn't expect was for the mysterious, strict, straightforward Mr. Cavalier to take an interest in her outspoken yet naïve nature. With a stubborn billionaire refusing to take 'No' for an answer, Liliana finds herself on a ride of a lifetime, filled with heated close encounters, daring conversations, not to mention a dash of drama. Will Liliana be able to withstand Mr. Cavalier's lusty and endless pursuit? Or will the outspoken hostess reject the hot billionaire once and for all? __________________________________ He didn't speak. He never spoke. I knew that he was able to speak, but whenever I was around it seemed that I was the only one speaking. He didn't seem to enjoy my presence, but then again that wouldn't be true given that he requested for me to host, on my day off. His eyes were not friendly, his jaw and lips that never smiled told me to always be on guard. I could always feel his eyes on me, and I know its him, or else my heart wouldn't be acting the way it was. ... And yet, here I am, patting down the wrinkles on my skirt, as his car approached the Jet. I was rather angry. It was my day off. I wasn't even on call. I told Jenna that I wouldn't come in today and that he'd have to find someone else. Apparently this man didn't take "No" for an answer. He had his personal body guard arrive at my door, and I wouldn't be too surprised as to how he got my address. The scary man was ready to drag me from my house, I was driven to his private Aircraft and now I had to play hostess. When he stepped out of the car, his eyes looked up to me. Had he smiled or even acknowledged my presence, maybe I would be free to assume that he was happy to see me.

Supernovae and Life by duncmacphun

Space and time began about 13.7 billion years ago but it consisted almost exclusively of hydrogen until some stars grew sufficiently massive to create the heavier elements in gigantic explosions called supernovae. The Sun formed about 4.6 billion years ago with an orbiting disk of debris that became the Solar System and, about 4.4 billion years ago, the Earth was cool enough for liquid water. Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus make up 99% of the mass of the human body. These elements combine to form molecules ranging from water to the twin helices of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that specify the genetic code. Life on Earth probably began with complex, virus-like molecules that over billions of years evolved cells and the ability to split carbon dioxide and water (H2O). The poisonous waste product, oxygen, released into the atmosphere, probably caused the first mass extinctions on Earth. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved the health, education, and longevity of almost everyone. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. Civilization began when we discovered how to use fire and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture and trade made us richer but we also discovered how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Flight by duncmacphun

The Orville and Wilbur Wright flew under power in 1903. The first flight travelled only 120 feet but Wilbur flew 24.5 miles in 38 minutes in August 1904. More powerful aircraft engines were developed during WW-1 but airframes were too fragile for aerial fighting. H.Focke's transverse twin-rotor helicopter, broke all helicopter world records in 1937. After WW-1, designers used duralumin airframes and smaller, monoplane wings for fighter aircraft like the Supermarine Spitfire. At Midway, in 1942, American dive-bombers sank three of the four Japanese aircraft carriers. I.Sikorsky developed the first practical single rotor helicopter with a single tail boom rotor and produced over 400 helicopters in WW-2. The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the first jet fighter in action in 1944. For maximum efficiency most jet aircraft need to cruise at about Mach 0.8 (610 mph) and at altitudes above 30,000 ft. In 2021, with battery powered, contra-rotating propellers spinning at 2500 rpm, NASA's Dragonfly helicopter lifted off from the surface of Mars. It weighed only 2 pound. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

Invention by duncmacphun

In 1885 a Pennsylvanian oil field produced 77 % of the world's oil supply. By 1889, J.Maxwell's equations for electro-magnetism and H.R. Hertz's, proof inspired Einstein's theory of relativity. By 1841, W.Talbot and J. Herschel had fixed photographic images on silver iodide coated paper. Kodachrome film captured red, green, and blue colours in three layers of emulsion in 1936. J.M. Spangler developed the first successful portable 'Electric Suction Sweeper' in 1908. In 1851, I. Singer added a foot treadle drive to his sewing machines and, by 1900, a shirt could be made in one hour. In 1885, John Starley and William Sutton invented the modern safety bicycle. S. Morse sent his first telegraph message in 1844 and 32 years later, Alexander Graham Bell made the first long-distance telephone call. The rotary Strowger switch allowed connections without an operator in 1891. Banks of these later provided 13,200 voice channels on one coaxial cable. Marconi's spark gap radio of 1896 was crucial during the 1912 Titanic disaster. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

𝘛𝘳𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘮 | Pete 'maverick' Mitchell by mavericksno1girl

❝ trust them. I tell myself. they'll help you.❞ ╰┈➤ on march 3, 1969 the united states navy established an elite school for the top one percent of its pilots. its purpose was to teach the lost art of aerial combat and to ensure that the handful of men who graduated were the best fighter pilots in the world. they succeeded. today, the navy calls it fighter weapons school, the flyers call it: 𝐓𝐎𝐏 𝐆𝐔𝐍 ╰┈➤quinn miller call sign 'siren' is a 23 year old fighter pilot struggling with the death of her fellow pilot and friend, one day she gets called into her commanders office with her best friend and radar intercept officer axis and told they are going to topgun the school where only the top 1% of pilots go. while quinn is there she meets a certain handsome cocky pilot who just catches her eye. can this cocky pilot with the help of axis and goose help siren get over the death of her friend? will they form a long lasting relationship? ╰┈➤i only own the characters i've created all rights go to the original creators and actors of top gun 1986. ╰┈➤lowercase intended ╰┈➤disclaimer: this fan fiction contains foul language,possible sexual references, ptsd and grief so if any of this triggers you i'd advise not for you to read! ||𝐒𝐓𝐀𝐑𝐓𝐄𝐃-𝟏𝟐𝐓𝐇 𝐍𝐎𝐕𝐄𝐌𝐁𝐄𝐑 𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟑|| || 𝐅𝐈𝐍𝐈𝐒𝐇𝐄𝐃-𝐈𝐍 𝐏𝐑𝐎𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐒𝐒|| #1 in courteney cox #1 in planes #1 in tomcruise #1 in iceman #1 in axis #3 in flying #3 in pete mitchell #5 in maverick #6 in pilots

Engineering by duncmacphun

Denis Papin built the first steam engine in 1705 and, by 1800, Boulton and Watt had built 451steam engines. In 1870, the British produced 4 million tons of coke for iron and steel production and locomotive and industrial engines. Axel Cronstedt identified tungsten in 1757. Tungsten carbide, proved almost as hard as diamond making it invaluable for cutting tools. Li Chun's Zhaozhou Bridge, in China, was finished in 605 CE and it is still in use. The Kap Shui Mun Bridge, Hong Kong, completed in 1997, has a main span of 430 metres (1,410 ft). In 1886, P.Héroult and C.Hall both dissolved alumina in cryolite, to make pure aluminum by electrolysis. E.Fouché and C.Picard developed oxygen-acetylene torches for welding and cutting steel in 1903. Henry Wickham smuggled 70,000 rubber tree seeds from Brazil, in 1876. Charles Goodyear developed vulcanization in 1840 and by 2017 the world produced 28 million tons of rubber; more than half of which was synthetic. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).

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Slide 1 of 10

Middle Era cover

United We Stand, Divided We Fall cover

Fireworks【Laurence X Reader】[ Completed ] cover

Loving Mr. Cavalier cover

Supernovae and Life cover

Invention cover

𝘛𝘳𝘶𝘴𝘵 𝘛𝘩𝘦𝘮 | Pete 'maverick' Mitchell cover

Engineering cover

steam

On a 10 weeks sea trial in 1761, J.Harrison's chronometer was in error by less than 5 seconds. In 1758, Dr E.Darwin replaced the ancient front axle design with two stub axles, pivoting near the wheel; now a feature of all vehicles. F.G. Koenig used his steam driven press, to print an edition of The Times newspaper, in 1814. The Rocket locomotive won the 1829 Rainhill Trials with a top speed of 30 miles per hour. A steamship, from New York City took 115 days to reach to San Francisco in 1848. In 1851, all telegraph stations in the USA were connected and by 1940 there were 40 telegraph lines across the Atlantic. Corrugated paper was invented in 1856, to stiffen tall hats and, in 1874, Oliver Long inventing corrugated board. In 1861, waterwheel powered air compressors and pneumatic drills, cut construction time by 16 years for a tunnel in Switzerland. Fritz Haber's discovered a process to make ammonia fertilizer in 1914. In 1887, Nicola Tesla invented the first AC motor. In 1903, an automatic machine was able to make 2,500 bottles an hour. WHO THE HELL ARE WE? is a series of short books and videos describing the evolution of civilization. Almost everyone on the planet is five times wealthier than their ancestors only 50 years ago. This astonishing phenomenon has also improved health, education, and longevity. The cause; an explosive growth in ideas and productivity. It began when we learned to control fire, evolved articulate speech and stumbled onto the way to create infinite wealth; free trade. The discovery of agriculture made us richer but we also learned how to destroy wealth. Great civilization grew up but then disappeared leaving only incredible ruins and ideas. Later books detail some of the ideas and developments that increased the average life span from about 40 years to more than 80 and the average world income from less than $3 to more than $33 per person per day (and to $140 per day in some countries).