Harriet Tubman

Tubman is most well-known for her role in the Underground Railroad, a network of secret routes and safe houses used by people of African descent to escape from from slavery to the "free states" in the 19th century.

A runaway former slave from Maryland herself, she led hundreds of slaves to freedom over the course of 10 years, often risking her own life. An icon in American civil rights history, she is widely-regarded as one of the leading abolitionists, demanding the end of slavery.

Tubman was born into slavery in 1822 on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland, according to the White House. Her birth name was Araminta Ross. When she married a free black man in 1844, John Tubman, she changed her name to "Harriet." She escaped slavery in 1849.

Following her role as a "conductor" of the Underground Railroad, Tubman went on to become a spy in South Carolina for Union forces during the Civil War. She was also a nurse.

Harriet Tubman, an American Icon

Despite having a bounty on her head, Tubman returned to the South at least 13 times to lead her family and hundreds of other slaves to freedom. Tubman moved unnoticed through rebel territory, blending in and using her in-depth knowledge of slave routes to pass through those states undetected.

President Obama has called her an "American hero." In commemoration of the 100th anniversary of her death in 2013, he signed a proclamation calling for the creation of a national monument depicting Tubman on the eastern shore of Maryland.

"Harriet Tubman fought tirelessly for the Union cause, for the rights of enslaved people, for the rights of women, and for the rights of all," Obama wrote at the time. "She was a leader in the struggle for civil rights who was forever motivated by her love of family and community and by her deep and abiding.