If you are a beginner and do not have enough cash to spend on marketing at the begging of your business, it is not right to think that there aren't effective ways to promote your brand. There are some effective ways to promote your business including, search engine optimization or SEO, Email marketing, what app is marketing, social media advertising, etc.
Before the Internet, there were only a few ways to market their brand or products cheaply including printing out fillers, sponsoring, or arranging small events. But now, with the help of the Internet, all things have become extremely easy and simple. It is also true for marketing.