What are the causes of an ailment on the skin?

Changes in color or appearance of the skin such as patches with lighter or darker skin the appearance of redness or a mixture of various colors referred to as skin discoloration.
There are a variety of skin discoloration disorders which include:
1. Vitiligo can be described as the disappearance of pigmentation on the skin which results in spots of white or discolored skin. The melanocytes, which make melanin, get removed or fail to function normally.
2. Melasma can cause grayish or brown patches to the skin. The cause is hormone changes in the face, sun exposure as well as genetic causes.
3. Albinism is a genetic condition that can affect melanin production. Albinism sufferers have very minimal or no pigmentation in their hair, skin, and eyes, resulting in pale or white hair and skin.
4. Tinea versicolor is an infection caused by fungal bacteria that results in small, discolored areas on the skin that are lighter or darker than the skin surrounding them and appear more prominent when exposed to sunlight.
5. Acanthosis nigricans is distinguished by thick, dark areas of skin that are typically found in folds of the body, like armpits, neck, and groin. Commonly, it is associated with obesity and insulin resistance.