Victory of Arab Forces: Alexandria Conquered by Amr ibn al-'As

Alexandria, also known as Al-Iskandariyyah, is a significant city in Egypt. It was once a great city of the Mediterranean world, known for its Greek learning and science. Founded by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE, it served as Egypt's capital until it surrendered to Arab forces led by ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ in 642 CE. The subject of this article is the Arab conquest of Egypt and its far-reaching effects.

Today, Alexandria is one of Egypt's largest cities, serving as a major seaport and industrial hub. It is located on the Mediterranean Sea, at the western edge of the Nile River delta, approximately 114 miles northwest of Cairo in Lower Egypt. The city covers an area of 116 square miles) and had a population of 4,110,015 in 2006.

The capture of the significant Mediterranean port of Alexandria by the Rashidun Caliphate forces in the mid-7th century AD marked a crucial turning point in history. Alexandria, formerly the capital of the Byzantine province of Egypt, held a vital position in the Eastern Roman Empire's domination of the area. The Arab conquest of this ancient city had profound and extensive consequences, fundamentally altering the geopolitical situation in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Under the rule of the first caliphs, known as the Rashidun, Muslim armies began to advance on the borders of both Sassanid Persia and the Byzantine Empire.

The Muslim forces achieved significant victories over the Byzantines at the Battle of Yarmuk in 636 and over the Persians at the Battle of Qadisiyah in 637. With these successes, Muslim expansion turned its attention south, towards the prosperous provinces of Byzantine Africa.

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