African-American Rosa Parks' refusal to give up her seat on the bus to a white man led to her arrest and then a boycott of the buses. The Black Montgomery Bus Boycott launched the Civil Rights Movement in 1955. One driving force behind this movement was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Its charismatic leader, a Baptist preacher from Atlanta named Martin Luther King, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. His activist opponents found the dreamer, who had a doctorate, too soft and sought salvation in radicalization. We now know that King was more effective than his antagonists. He appeared soft to the world, but had a diamond hardness.