Tram Systems: An Important Mode of Urban Transportation

Current Role and Technologies
While many cities moved away from traditional tram systems in the mid-20th century, there has been a revival and expansion of tram networks globally since the 1980s. Today, trams play a vital role in public transportation for over 400 cities worldwide, providing an affordable alternative to buses, subways and personal vehicles within city limits. Newer low-floor trams have also improved accessibility. To meet growing passenger demand, some cities are introducing larger trams with higher capacities. Advancements in signaling and control systems have enhanced safety and reliability of operations. Some newer European tram networks are implementing rail-based technologies like autonomous rail pilot for driverless operations.

Ridership Trends and Factors
Ridership numbers on tram systems tend to correlate closely with broader economic and urbanization trends in their cities. Post-war automobile centric urban planning saw declining tram ridership until the 1970s energy crisis raised awareness about efficient mass transit alternatives. Since then, factors like rising fuel costs, concerns over traffic congestion, and attractive fares have supported a steady rise in tram patronage globally. A recent survey of over 50 tram networks found Europe has the highest combined daily ridership of over 7 million passengers followed by Asia and North America. Cities with well-integrated frequent tram services report 25-50% ridership growth over the last decade. Moreover, trams are a popular option for tourists and visitors exploring city centres.

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