Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are essential components that power almost all modern electronic devices. By providing a compact and efficient way to connect electronic components, PCBs enable the creation of smaller, more reliable, and complex systems. Understanding PCB fundamentals includes learning about their design, layers, materials, and how they facilitate the distribution of signals and power throughout a circuit. As the backbone of electronics, PCBs are used in a wide array of industries, from consumer electronics and telecommunications to automotive and medical devices. Mastering PCB fundamentals is key to understanding how today's technology operates and evolves.