Understanding Vertigo: Causes & Symptoms

What Is Vertigo?
Vertigo is a condition characterized by a false sense of movement or spinning. It often feels as though you or your surroundings are moving when they are not. Unlike general dizziness, vertigo is typically linked to problems in the inner ear or brain.

Common Vertigo Causes
Understanding what triggers vertigo can help in managing it better. Some of the common causes include:
Inner Ear Disorders: Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV): The most common cause, BPPV, occurs when tiny calcium particles in the ear become dislodged and affect balance.
Meniere's Disease: This is caused by a buildup of fluid in the inner ear, leading to episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, and tinnitus.
Vestibular Neuritis or Labyrinthitis: These conditions are caused by inflammation of the inner ear or the nerves connecting the ear to the brain, often due to viral infections.
Migraine-Associated Vertigo: Some migraines can cause vertigo episodes, even without the classic headache.
Head or Neck Injuries: Trauma to the head or neck can damage the inner ear or the pathways responsible for balance.

How Is Vertigo Diagnosed?
Diagnosing vertigo begins with a thorough understanding of your symptoms and medical history. The process typically involves a physical examination, where doctors assess your eye movements and balance to identify any irregularities. One common vertigo test is the Dix-Hallpike maneuver, which helps determine if Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the underlying cause. Additionally, hearing tests may be conducted to check for conditions such as Meniere's disease, which can also cause dizziness and vertigo. In some cases, imaging tests like MRI or CT scans may be recommended to rule out any neurological issues that could be contributing to the symptoms. This comprehensive diagnostic approach, including various vertigo tests, helps pinpoint the exact cause of vertigo and guides the appropriate treatment plan for effective management.