Effects of Titanium and Niobium on the Properties of Stainless Steel Tubes
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Ongoing, First published Nov 26
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https://www.pipenipples.com/effects-of-titanium-and-niobium-on-the-properties-of-stainless-steel-tubes.html

Y.sawaragi et al. found that due to the precipitation hardening effect of fine TiC and NbC, adding a small amount of titanium and niobium increased the durability of stainless steel. Through the analysis of niobium-containing steel solution treatment and stainless steel pipes produced by different manufacturers, the results show that the carbonitride content in carbonitrides produced by stainless steel tubes containing 0.2%-0.4% niobium is almost the same. Therefore, they believe that when the solution treatment temperature is 1150, the best niobium content to improve durability is 0.2%.
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