Chinese Third Person Pronouns

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When doing mtl or reading mtl, sometimes the translation couldn't differentiate between "She" or "He" So here is some information about it, I cited this from quora.

1.) Why does Mandarin have written gender pronouns but not spoken gender pronouns?

Answer:

Victor Yeh, a native Chinese speaker, born in Fujian, China

Updated March 22, 2020 · Upvoted by George Corley, PhD in Linguistics, University of Wisconsin at Madison and Logan R. Kearsley, MA in Linguistics from BYU, 8 years working in research for language pedagogy.

Because of western influence.

A hundred years ago, there was only one third person singular pronoun - (tā), which meant “he/she/it”.

Examples:

众里寻千百度。

Searching for her in the crowd for hundreds of thousands of times.

山之石,可以攻玉。

The stone from another mountain, can do works on jade.

In 1917, Liu Bannong proposed to use 她 for “she” and 它 for “it”. [1917 was during the era when Chinese government sent some Chinese scholars to Britain, France, and Japan for further study.] Later, some Chinese who studied abroad gradually accepted this usage. During that westernization movement, some Chinese feminists extremely loved the new character 她, in order to show their feminine difference from male. As a pronoun-invention trend, some Chinese Christians even invented 祂 for the capitalized “He” (God).

Some people went even further and invented 牠 for animals and 它 for things, while English does not distinguish “animal it” from “thing it”.

Today, we use 他, 她 and 它 for “he”, “she” and “it” respectively. You can also see 祂 on the Chinese version of the Bible.

2.)How did Mandarin Chinese come to have undifferentiated gender in the third person singular in speaking, yet it distinguishes the three genders in writing?

Answer:

Karen Ma, Formerly a Mandarin teacher at a middle school. Spent 15 years in Japan. Speak Mandarin fluently and reasonable

Answered July 24, 2015

As mentioned by several others already, Chinese language didn’t make any differentiation of genders in writing until the turn of the 20th century, particularly during the May Fourth Movement. It was after China came into contact with Western thoughts, and particularly when they needed to introduce Western literature to China, that they decided they needed to do something about the gender distinctions.

Most attribute the efforts to changing/improving on the gender-neutral character of the third person singular 他 to Zhou Zuoren and Liu Bannong, both active members of the “New Youth” magazine at the beginning of the 20th century. Zhou wrote an article in the magazine in the August 1918 issue about this problem, stating how this problem greatly hindered their translation efforts. He and Liu Bannong suggested the use of 她 as a solution for the translation of ‘she.’

In those days, however, the character 她 was not in use and Zhou had to add a 女character on the lower right hand corner of 他 to indicate a female person. ”他+女”

According to Professor Huang Xingtao, who wrote a book about the beginning use of the character “她,” the first Chinese writer to respond enthusiastically to the calls of Zhou Zuoren to make a gender distinction in writing is Ye Shengtao, who was in great support of the idea of gender equality. But the odd character combination of”他+女” went through many more metamorphases, including “女+它,” and more debates (such as whether to use 她 or 伊), before finally being accepted into today’s form of “她。“






Well that's why some of the Machine Translation (MTL), using Google or other may couldn't differentiate between "He" or "She",  although it is also depends on the author style writing in the novel.

Well this is just a little information though lol

Thank you guys for reading this ^~^

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