WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF MAKING CHANGES ON THE GENETIC CODE OF AN ORGANISM? GENETIC ENGINEERING
GENETIC ENGINEERING
It is the process of making changes on the genetic code of an organism.
WHAT IS THE GOAL OF GENETIC ENGINEERING?
Its goal is to add one or more new traits that are not normally found in an organism.
HOW IS IT POSSIBLE TO ADD ONE OR MORE TRAITS?
Through the advanced studies in the structure of the DNA and its chemical properties, scientist have been able to employ different techniques which includes, extracting, cutting and making unlimited copies of the DNA.
WHAT IS THE PROCESS OF MODIFYING THE GENES OF ORGANISMS FOR PRACTICAL PURPOSES?
DNA RECOMBINATION/DNA Recombinant
DNA RECOMBINATION
Is a process of modifying the genes of organisms for practical purposes.
HOW IS IT DONE?
A piece of DNA is being combined with another piece of DNA from another source.
When it is done, the resulting genetic product is called recombinant DNA.
PROCESSES USED IN RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
Transformation Using a Vector.
- Plasmids
- Bacterial Cells
Vectorless Gene Transfer
- Electroporation
- Microinjection
- Particle Gun
WHAT IS TRANSFORMATION USING VECTOR?
Transformation is the step in the genetic engineering process where a new gene (Transgene) is delivered into the nucleus of the plant cells and inserts into the chromosome.
GENETICALLY CHANGING A LIVING THING.
TRANSFORMATION USING VECTOR
Recombinant DNA may be created through the transformation with the help of vector, such as bacterial cells. These vectors are organisms that are normally harmless. In the transformation process, a selected portion of the foreign DNA is inserted into a small, circular DNA molecule called plasmid which naturally found among bacteria.
WHY PLASMIDS ARE THE MOST USEFUL TOOL IN GENE TRANSFORMATION?
- The plasmids contain a gene sequence that serves as a bacterial origin of replication into which foreign DNA can be inserted into the bacterial cell.
- It contains genetic marker which makes it possible to distinguish bacteria that carry the plasmid-containing foreign DNA.
IN WHAT WAYS TRANSFORMATION USING VECTOR IS VISIBLE?
During the transformation a bacterial cell takes up the plasmid. Afterward, that bacterial cell will contain the genes in the plasmid and can express those genes.
Example: Transgenic microorganisms: Bacterial strain that produces human insulin.
WHAT IS VECTORLESS GENE TRANSFER?
This process is similar to transformation, but it does not involve vector. The types of vectorless gene transfer include electroporation, microinjection, particle gun.
ELECTROPORATION
Temporary holes are formed in the plasma membrane of the host cell by applying a significant amount of electricity in the culture medium. This enables the entry of the foreign DNA via the pores.
PARTICLE GUN
Is a technique of bombarding microparticles of gold and tungsten coated with foreign DNA with great velocity into the target cells using a biolistic device or gene gun.
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BIOLOGY
Romancethis book contains only the biology topic in Senior-highschool, this is based only from our topic during highschool days, and i dont wanna dump my notes so i hope it helps, this aims is to help student who are willing to advance study Grade 11 and G...
