Definition
· These are indices of health, or signposts in determining client’s condition. This is also known as cardinal signs and it includes body temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure. These signs have to be looked at in total, to monitor the functions of the body.
Different considerations in taking Vital signs
1. The frequency of taking TPR and BP depends upon the condition of the client and the policy of the institution.
2. The procedure should be explained to the client before taking his TPR and BP.
3. Obtain baseline data.
Vital Signs or Cardinal Signs are:
· Body temperature
· Pulse
· Respiration
· Blood pressure
· Pain
Body Temperature
· The balance between the heat produced by the body and the heat loss from the body.
Types of Body Temperature
· Core temperature –temperature of the deep tissues of the body.
· Surface body temperature
Alteration in body Temperature
· Pyrexia – Body temperature above normal range( hyperthermia)
· Hyperpyrexia – Very high fever, 41ºC(105.8 F) and above
· Hypothermia – Subnormal temperature.
Normal Adult Temperature Ranges
· Oral 36.5 –37.5 ºC
· Axillary 35.8 – 37.0 ºC
· Rectal 37.0 – 38.1 ºC
· Tympanic 36.8 – 37.9ºC
Methods of Temperature-Taking
I. Oral – most accessible and convenient method.
1. Put on gloves, and position the tip of the thermometer under the patients tongue on either of the frenulun as far back as possible. It promotes contact to the superficial blood vessels and ensures a more accurate reading.
2. Wash thermometer before use.
3. Take oral temp 2-3 minutes.
4. Allow 15 min to elapse between client’s food intakes of hot or cold food, smoking.
5. Instruct the patient to close his lips but not to bite down with his teeth to avoid breaking the thermometer in his mouth.
Contraindications
