12: Nguyen ly cau tao va lam viec cua may xuc gau nghich dan dong thuy luc? Nhung diem khac nhau co ban cua may xuc gau thuan va gau nghich
May xuc gau nguoc thuong duoc dung de dao ranh, kenh muong, ho mong... noi ma nen dat dao thap hon mat bang may dung hoac co the dao dat o muc cao hon mat bang may dung nhu doi voi gau ngua, qua trinh do dat duoc xa qua mieng gau. May dao thuy luc gau nguoc duoc su dung pho bien hon so voi may dao dieu khien bang cap.
Viec bo tri xi lanh thuy luc voi bo cong tac cua may dao gau nguoc co nhieu loai khac nhau nhung pho bien nhat la so do bon khau. Dieu khien can, tay gau va gau la cac xi lanh luc. Tuy theo loai dat gia cong co the dung cac loai gau co hinh dang khac nhau.
Qua trinh lam viec cua may dao thuy luc gau nguoc dien ra nhu sau: Rut can pittong xi lanh gau 5 va xi lanh tay gau 3, tay gau 4 quay nguoc chieu kim dong ho. Can 2 cung voi tay gau 4 dua gau 6 ve phia truoc va ha xuong khong chi do trong luong bo phan cong tac ma con do luc cua xi lanh can 1. Quay tay gau ve phia may bang xi lanh can 3 hoac quay gau so voi tay gau bang xi lanh gau 5. Co the dieu khien duoc chieu day phoi cat nho xi lanh can 3. Sau khi gau da day dat duoc keo ve phia can hoac quay quanh tay gau sao cho dat khong bi do ra ngoai. Nang gau khoi tang dao nho xi lanh can 1 va quay gau cung voi toa quay ve cho do. Dieu khien xi lanh gau 5 va xi lanh tay gau 3 de do dat. Tiep do quay gau ve vi tri dao va thuc hien chu ki dao dat moi.
May dao thuy luc gau nguoc: 1- Banh sao chu dong; 2- Hop giam toc ba cap; 3- Dong co thuy luc; 4- Bom co dieu chinh; 5- May phat dien; 6,8- Bom khong dieu chinh; 7- Dong co diezen; 9- Dong co thuy luc; 10- Banh rang trung tam; 11- Banh rang hanh tinh; 12- Vanh rang; 13- Banh rang; 14- Vanh rang toa quay; 15- Truc-banh rang.
+ May dao gau ngoam
May dao gau ngoam thuong dung de dao dat mem, dat ho mong, dao gieng, vet kenh muong, xuc cac loai vat lieu nhu cat, da dam, soi.
Tren hinh 3.3, gau gom hai ma gau, lien ket voi dau duoi (co gan puly 11) va voi thanh giang 9 bang cac khop ban le. Khi may bat dau lam viec, gau nang len cao o trang thai mo do cap dong mo gau 5 duoc nha ra. Tha dong thoi hai cap nang 4 va cap dong mo gau 5, gau roi xuong, rang gau cam vao dat. Keo cap 5 len, rang gau cung voi hai nua gau khep lai, ngoam dat vao trong gau. Khi keo cang cap 5, gau duoc khep kin, keo ca ng dong thoi ca hai cap 4 va 5, gau duoc nang len cao. De gau khong bi lac, cap khong bi xoan, nguoi ta dung cap giu 7, vong quanh puly 2 va duoc giu boi vat nang 1. Vat nang co the di chuyen theo can 3. Khi quay may den vi tri do, nha cap 5, hai nua gau mo ra, dat roi vao noi do dat. Sau khi xa dat xong, quay may ve vi tri dao de tiep tuc chu ki lam viec moi.
May dao gau ngoam dieu khien thuy luc (hinh 3.4) gom can 6, tay gau 5, thanh giang 7, xi lanh dong mo gau ngoam 4, xi lanh tay gau 1, ong dan cung 2, ong dan mem 3 cung cap dau cho xi lanh thuy luc dieu khien dong mo gau nam o phan tren cua gau ngoam.
Bo cong tac may dao gau ngoam:1- Doi trong; 2- Puly; 3- Can; 4- Cap nang gau; 5- Cap dong mo gau; 6- cac ma gau; 7- Cap giu gau; 8- Thanh ngang; 9- Cac thanh giang; 10- Palang gau; 11- Puly. May dao gau ngoam dan dong thuy luc: 1- Xi lanh thuy luc; 2- Ong dan cung; 3- Ong dan mem; 4- Xi lanh dong mo gau; 5- Tay gau; 6- Can; 7- Thanh giang.
