NERVOUS SYSTEM
- the vast network of cells specialized to carry information to and from all parts of the body in order to bring about bodily activity.
*DIVISIONS
1. CNS: brain, spinal cord
2. PNS: 12 pairs (cranial nerves), 31 pairs (spinal nerves)
3. ANS: sympathetic, parasympathetic
**covering of the brain - cranial bones
**covering of the spinal cord - vertebral column
MENINGES
1. Dura mater
- thick, strong, white fibrous tissue made up of two layers.
2. Arachnoid mater
- spongy, delicate, non-vascular tissue.
3. Dia mater
- inner most, very vascular tissue, blood is shunted to the subarachnoid space, bloody CSF
CRANIAL BONE ~ EXTRADURAL ~.SUBDURAL ~ SUB ARACHNOID ~ CSF
***If there's no CSF coming out - needle is in the subarachnoid space***
CSF - clear, colorless fluid found in the :a) ventricles of the brain. b) central canal of the spinal cord. c) subarachnoid space
- serves as a protective cushion around the brain and spinal cord.
- alkaline in reaction.
- contains traces of Glucose, CHON and some Na.
- normal CSF pressure : 75 - 200 mmHg
- normal amount : 80 - 100 cc/24°
- withdrawn in the lumbar area at the subarachnoid space.
- L3 and L4
- (ASIS) " Anterior Superior Iliac Spine"
POSITION
* Pre-test
- lateral recumbent wherein head is flex at the knee.
*Post-test
- flat on bed 6 -8 hours to prevent spinal headache.
FORMATION / PRODUCTION OF CSF
**choroid plexus ~ (1st & 2nd) lateral ventricles ~ FORAMINA OF MUNRO ~ 3rd ventricle ~ AQUEDUCT OF SYLVIUS ~ 4th ventricle ~ central canal of spinal cord ~ FORAMINA OF LUSCHKA MAGENDIE ~ SUBARACHNOID SPACE
2 KINDS OF HYDROCEPHALUS
1. Communicating Hydrocephalus
~ aqueduct of Sylvius
2. Non Communicating Hydrocephalus
~ 4th Ventricle of the brain.
Ventriculo - Peritonial Shunt
- I & O / urine output
Ventriculo - Arterial Shunt
- cardiac output or BP/hr
