3 Primary or Embryonic Germ Layers
-formed early in embryonic development
-specialize to form the 4 major tissue typed1. Ectoderm
-gives rise to nerve tissue2. Mesoderm
- gives rise to Connective Tissue, Endothelium and Mesothelium3. Endoderm
-gives rise to most mucosaeEctoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm gives rise to Epithelial Tissue
Tissue
- group of cells with similar structures and function surrounded by extracellular matrixClassified according to:
1. Structure of cells
2. Function of cells
3. Composition of extracellular matrix4 Major Types of Tissue
1. Epithelial Tissue
2. Connective Tissue
3. Muscle Tissue
4. Nerve TissueEpithelial Tissue
-found on surfaces as covering or liningClassification as to shapes:
1. Squamous cells -flat
2. Cuboidal - cube shaped
3. Columnar - tall and narrowClassification as to numbers of layers:
1. Simple - single layer
2. Stratified - many layerClassification as to type of cells:
1. Transitional - many layers with surface cells changing in shape from rounded to flat2. Ciliated - columnar cells with cilia on free surface
Types of Epithelial Tissue
1. Simple Squamous - one layer flat cells
2. Stratified Squamous - many layer of flat cells
3. Transitional - many layers of cells
4. Cuboidal - one layer of cube shaped cells
5. Columnar - one layer of column shaped cells
6. Ciliated - one layer of columnar cells with ciliaCONNECTIVE TISSUE
- with abundant extracellular matrix in addition to cellsTypes of Connective Tissue
1. Areolar or Loose
- fibroblasts and a matrix of tissue fluid collagen and elastin fibers2. Adipose
-adipocytes that store fat3. Fibrous
- mostly collagen fibers with few fibroblasts4. Elastin
- mostly elastin5. Bone
- osteocytes in a matrix of calcium salts and collagen6. Blood
- Plasma, RBC, WBC, Platelets7. Cartilage
- chondrocytes in protein matrixMUSCLE TISSUES
- specialized for contraction
- shortens when muscle cells contract3 Types of Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal
- large cylindrical cells with striations and nuclei each2. Smooth (organs)
- small tapered cells with no striations and one nucleus each3. Cardiac
- branched cells with faint striations and one nucleus eachNERVE TISSUE
- consists of nerve cells called neurons and some specialized cells
- forms brains, spinal cord and nerves
- responsible for coordinating and controlling body activitiesParts of Nerve Tissue
1. Neuron - nerve cell
A.) Cell Body
- contains the nucleus and regulates function if neuron
B.) Axon
- cellular process that carries impulses away from cell bodyC.) Dendrites
- cellular process that carries towards the cell body2. Synapse
- space between axon of one neuron and dendrite or cell body of the next neuron3. Neurotransmitters
- chemicals released by axon4. Neuroglia
- specialized cells in Central Nervous System5. Schwann Cells
- specialized cells in Peripheral Nervous System
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Human Anatomy And Physiology
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