Human Anatomy And Physiology

Membranes

Membranes
●Sheets of tissue that cover or line surfaces and cavities or seperate organs or lobes of organs from one another

2 Major Categories of Membranes

1. Epithelial
2. Connective Tissue

Epithelial Membranes

1. Serous
◆ lines closed by body cavities and covers organs
◆pleural membrane, pericardial membrane, mesentery

■ Peritoneum
➡ serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity

■Mesentery or Visceral Peritoneum
➡ covers abdominal organs

2. Mucous
➡ lines Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive tracts

Connective Tissues Membranes

1.) Superficial Fascia
➡ between skin, muscles and adipose tissue

2.) Periosteum
➡ covers bone

3.) Perichondrium
➡ covers cartilage

4.) Synovial
➡ lines joints cavities

5.) Deep Fascia
➡ covers each skeletal muscle

6.) Meninges
➡ covers brain and spinal cord

7.) Fibrous Pericardium
➡ forms a sac around heart

Oncology
➡ study of tumor and problems they cause

Tumor
➡ any swelling that involve neoplastic tissue

Neoplasm
➡ abnormal tissue growth resulting in rapid cellular proliferaction which contains after the growth of normal tissue has stopped

Benign
● not inclined to spread and not likely to become worse
● less dangerous
● can enlarge and can compress surrounding tissues

Malignant
■ able to spread and become worse
■ the greater  the degree the malignant cells differ from cells of normal tissue the more dangerous they are
■ invasive and cancer cells have ability ti squeeze into spaces
■ can dislodge travel to distant sites where they attact and invade tissues

Metastasis
➡ process by which cancer spreads to distant sites

Cancer Therapy
To confine and kill malignant cells by
• x-ray or lasers
• surgery
• drugs or chemotherapy