Iltutmish

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A former slave and later son-in-law of Aibak ,Iltutmish took over the throne amidst great opposition in 1210CE . He assumed the title of Shamsuddin (meaning given in comment section) . Iltutmish faced many challenges . He defeated Yaldoz and occupied Lahore and Punjab . He attacked and defeated Qabacha , the governor of Sind . He then subdued the Rajput chief of Ranthambor, Ajmer and Gwalior . He also brought Bengal and Bihar under his control.

While he was trying to consolidate his empire , the Mongols under the leadership of Chengiz Khan had begun to appear on the boders of India . (the mongols were warrior -tribes from Central Asia) Iltutmish built a line of forts along the river Ravi to prevent the entry of Mongols into India . But the Mongols continued their attacks and finally gained control over western Punjab.

Several scholars and artists entered India fleeing from the onslaught of the Mongols . They received the protection of Iltutmish.

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