<pre style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">CLASSIFICATION.
The obstructions cf man — The twelve chief classes — Modifica-
tions of particular forms for various functions — Theological
demons.
The statements made concerning the fair names of the
chief demons and devils which have haunted the imagina-
tion of mankind, heighten the contrast between their celes-
tial origin and the functions attributed to them in their
degraded forms. The theory of Dualism, representing a
necessary stage in the mental development of every race,
called for a supply of demons, and the supply came from
the innumerable dethroned, outlawed, and fallen deities
and angels which had followed the subjugation of races
and their religions. But though their celestial origin might
linger around them in some slight legend or characteristic
as well as in their names, the evil phenomenon to which
each was attached as an explanation assigned the real
form and work with which he or she was associated in
popular superstition. We therefore find in the demons in
which men have believed a complete catalogue of the ob-
stacles with which they have had to contend in the long
struggle for existence. In the devils we discover equally
the history of the moral and religious struggles through
which priesthoods and churches have had to pass. And
the relative extent of this or th^t particular class of de<span style="font-size: 12px; text-align: justify;">mons or devils, and the intensity of belief in any class as </span></pre>
<pre style="font-size: 13px; line-height: normal; text-align: left;">shown in the number of survivals from it, will be found to
reflect pretty faithfully the degree to which the special evil
represented by it afflicted primitive man, as attested by
other branches of pre-historic investigation.
As to function, the demons we shall have to consider
are those representing — 1. Hunger; 2. Excessive Heat; 3.
Excessive Cold; 4. Destructive elements and physical
convulsions ; 5. Destructive animals ; 6. Human enemies ;
7. The Barrenness of the Earth, as rock and desert ;
8. Obstacles, as the river or mountain ; 9. Illusion, seduc-
tive, invisible, and mysterious agents, causing delusions;
ia Darkness (especially when unusual), Dreams, Night-
mare; 11. Disease; 12. Death.
These classes are selected, in obedience to necessary
limitations, as representing the twelve chief labours of
