Nouns:
나라 = country
가방 = bag/backpack
창문 = window
잡지 = magazine
방 = room
냉장고 = refrigerator
개 = dog
강아지 = puppy
고양이 = cat
쥐 = rat, mouse
펜 = pen
전화기 = phone
커피 = coffee
식당 = restaurant
건물 = building
텔레비전 = television
미국 = USA
캐나다 = Canada
호텔 = hotel
학교 = school
은행 = bank
Adverbs
안 = inside
위 = on top
밑 = below
옆 = beside
뒤 = behind
앞 = in front
여기 = here
Verbs:
있다 = to be at a location
Adjectives:
있다 = to have something
Introduction
In Lesson 1 you learned about simple Korean particles. To review, you learned that:
~는 or ~은 are used to indicate the subject (or main person/thing) in a sentence.
~를 or ~을 are used to indicate the object in a sentence.
For example, in this sentence: "I ate a hamburger"
"I" is the subject of the sentence
"Hamburger" is the object
"Eat" is the verb
In this Lesson, you will learn about the particles ~이/가 and specifically how it can compare with ~는/은. In all situations, ~이 is attached to nouns in which the last letter is a consonant (like ~은) and ~가 is attached to nouns in which the last letter is a vowel (like ~는). For example:
책 ends in a consonant (ㄱ), so "~이" is added: "책이."
소파 ends in a vowel (ㅏ), so "~가" is added: "소파가."
But, in what situations should we use ~이/가? Before we get to that, I would like to teach you how to use the word "있다" in sentences. Let's get started.
있다: To have
The word "있다" has many meanings. To a beginner of Korean, we can simplify and generalize these meanings into two forms or usages:
있다 = to have
있다 = to be at a location
Let's talk about the first usage, "to have." In English, "to have" is a verb that can act on an object. For example:
I have a pen
I have a car
This usage of 있다 in Korean is an adjective. This is hard for a learner to wrap their head around. At this point, this is important to you for one reason.
You learned in Lesson 1 that sentences with adjectives cannot act on an object. Thus, you cannot have a word with the particle ~을/를 attached to it if the predicating word in a sentence is an adjective (because ~을/를 indicates an object in a sentence).
