How To Deal With Anxiety And Depression

Agoraphobia

  Agoraphobia is a type of anxiety disorder in which you fear and avoid places or situations that might cause you to panic and make you feel trapped, helpless or embarrassed. You fear an actual or anticipated situation, such as using public transportation, being in open or enclosed spaces, standing in line, or being in a crowd.

The anxiety is caused by fear that there's no easy way to escape or get help if the anxiety intensifies. Most people who have agoraphobia develop it after having one or more panic attacks, causing them to worry about having another attack and avoid the places where it may happen again.

People with agoraphobia often have a hard time feeling safe in any public place, especially where crowds gather. You may feel that you need a companion, such as a relative or friend, to go with you to public places. The fear can be so overwhelming that you may feel unable to leave your home.

Agoraphobia treatment can be challenging because it usually means confronting your fears. But with psychotherapy and medications, you can escape the trap of agoraphobia and live a more enjoyable life.

Symptoms

Typical agoraphobia symptoms include fear of:

Leaving home aloneCrowds or waiting in lineEnclosed spaces, such as movie theaters, elevators or small storesOpen spaces, such as parking lots, bridges or mallsUsing public transportation, such as a bus, plane or train

These situations cause anxiety because you fear you won't be able to escape or find help if you start to feel panicked or have other disabling or embarrassing symptoms.

In addition:

Fear or anxiety almost always results from exposure to the situationYour fear or anxiety is out of proportion to the actual danger of the situationYou avoid the situation, you need a companion to go with you, or you endure the situation but are extremely distressedYou experience significant distress or problems with social situations, work or other areas in your life because of the fear, anxiety or avoidanceYour phobia and avoidance usually lasts six months or longerPanic disorder and agoraphobia

Some people have a panic disorder in addition to agoraphobia. Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder in which you experience sudden attacks of extreme fear that reach a peak within a few minutes and trigger intense physical symptoms (panic attacks). You might think that you're totally losing control, having a heart attack or even dying.

Fear of another panic attack can lead to avoiding similar circumstances or the place where it occurred in an attempt to prevent future panic attacks.

Signs and symptoms of a panic attack can include:

Rapid heart rateTrouble breathing or a feeling of chokingChest pain or pressureLightheadedness or dizzinessFeeling shaky, numb or tinglingExcessive sweatingSudden flushing or chillsUpset stomach or diarrheaFeeling a loss of controlFear of dyingWhen to see a doctor

Agoraphobia can severely limit your ability to socialize, work, attend important events and even manage the details of daily life, such as running errands.

Don't let agoraphobia make your world smaller. Call your doctor if you have signs or symptoms listed above.

Causes

Biology — including health conditions and genetics — temperament, environmental stress, and learning experiences may all play a role in the development of agoraphobia.

Risk factors

Agoraphobia can begin in childhood, but usually starts in the late teen or early adult years — usually before age 35 — but older adults can also develop it. Women are diagnosed with agoraphobia more often than men are.

Risk factors for agoraphobia include:

Having panic disorder or other phobiasResponding to panic attacks with excessive fear and avoidanceExperiencing stressful life events, such as abuse, the death of a parent or being attackedHaving an anxious or nervous temperamentHaving a blood relative with agoraphobiaComplications

Agoraphobia can greatly limit your life's activities. If your agoraphobia is severe, you may not even be able to leave your home. Without treatment, some people become housebound for years. You may not be able to visit with family and friends, go to school or work, run errands, or take part in other normal daily activities. You may become dependent on others for help.

Agoraphobia can also lead to or be associated with:

DepressionAlcohol or drug abuseOther mental health disorders, including other anxiety disorders or personality disordersPrevention

There's no sure way to prevent agoraphobia. However, anxiety tends to increase the more you avoid situations that you fear. If you start to have mild fears about going to places that are safe, try to practice going to those places over and over again before your fear becomes overwhelming. If this is too hard to do on your own, ask a family member or friend to go with you, or seek professional help.

If you experience anxiety going places or have panic attacks, get treatment as soon as possible. Get help early to keep symptoms from getting worse. Anxiety, like many other mental health conditions, can be harder to treat if you wait.