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SITUATION: Mr. Roberto was long diagnosed with chronic renal failure. You are his nurse and the following question assesses your knowledge in the different fluid and electrolyte imbalances that are associated with chronic renal failure.
1. Disequilibrium syndrome is always a risk in all clients undergoing hemodialysis for chronic renal failure. The nurse should assess Mr. Roberto for which of the following sign and symptom associated with Disequilibrium syndrome?
A. Hypertension, Tachycardia and Fever
B. Imbalance, gait abnormality and inability to stand up
C. Restlessness, irritability and generalized weakness
D. Headache, deteriorating level of consciousness and twitching
2. After Mr. Roberto completed his hemodialysis, The nurse should use which indicators to evaluate the client’s status after dialysis?
A. Potassium level and weight
B. Vital signs and Blood Urea Nitrogen
C. Blood Urea Nitrogen and Creatinine level
D. Vital signs and weight
3. Mr. Roberto’s chronic renal failure was caused by a crush injury to the lower leg right after an accident. The acute renal failure progresses to chronic renal failure until now, his case is irreversible. The nurse is correct in determining that the cause of Mr. Roberto’s Acute renal failure before was:
A. Prerenal
B. Post renal
C. Renal
D. Extrarenal
4. Mr. Roberto misses 2 sessions of hemodialysis. Blood was drawn and is sent for analysis. Which electrolyte disturbance is expected in a client with chronic renal failure?
A. Hypernatremia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypokalemia
D. Alkalemia
5. In Mr. Roberto’s ECG tracing, you would expect to find:
A. Depressed T wave
B. Presence of U wave
C. A peaked T wave
D. Inverted T wave
6. The main indicator of the need for hemodialysis is:
A. Ascites
B. Acidosis
C. Hypertension
D. Hyperkalemia
7. To gain access to the vein and artery, an AV shunt was used for Mr. Roberto. The most serious problem with regards to the AV shunt is:
A. Septicemia
B. Clot formation
C. Exsanguination
D. Vessel sclerosis
8. When caring for Mr. Roberto’s AV shunt on his right arm, you should:
A. Cover the entire cannula with an elastic bandage
B. Notify the physician if a bruit and thrill are present
C. User surgical aseptic technique when giving shunt care
D. Take the blood pressure on the right arm instead
9. Mr. Roberto Complains of tingling in the finger and twitching of the muscles. This is caused by:
A. Acidosis
B. Potassium retention
C. Calcium Depletion
D. Sodium chloride depletion
10. Which of the following is an appropriate instruction for Mr. Roberto?
A. Follow a high potassium diet
B. Strictly follow the hemodialysis schedule
C. Use salt substitute instead of the normal table salt
D. Use alcohol on the skin to clean it due to integumentary changes
SITUATION: Mr. Roberto’s condition continues to worsen and the doctor suggested Kidney Transplantation.
11. Mr. Roberto has just received a renal transplant and has started cyclosporine therapy to prevent graft rejection. Which of the following condition is a major complication of this drug therapy?
