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Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. This occurs when the body either cannot produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels and allows cells to utilize glucose for energy.

There are several types of diabetes, but the two most common ones are:

Type 1 Diabetes: This is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, people with type 1 diabetes need to take insulin daily to control their blood sugar levels and sustain life. It often develops in childhood or adolescence, but it can occur at any age.

Type 2 Diabetes: This is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90-95% of cases. It usually develops later in life, but due to increasing obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles, it is now increasingly diagnosed in younger individuals as well. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, and the pancreas may not produce enough insulin to compensate for this resistance. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and sometimes medication, are often necessary to manage type 2 diabetes.

Symptoms of diabetes may include:

Frequent urination
Excessive thirst and hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue and weakness
Blurred vision
Slow healing of wounds or frequent infections
Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet
If left untreated or poorly managed, diabetes can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, nerve damage (neuropathy), eye problems, and even amputation in severe cases.