Theory
an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain facts or events
: an idea that is suggested or presented as possibly true but that is not known or proven to be true
: the general principles or ideas that relate to a particular subject
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with reality, existence, knowledge, values,reason, mind and language.[1][2] The Ancient Greek word φιλοσοφία (philosophia) was likely coined by Pythagoras[3] and literally means "love of wisdom" or "friend of wisdom."[4][5][6][7][8] Philosophy has been divided into many sub-fields. It has been divided chronologically (e.g., ancient and modern); by topic (the major topics being epistemology, logic, metaphysics, ethics, andaesthetics); and by style (e.g., analytic philosophy).
Science
Science[nb 1] is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.[nb 2] In an older and closely related meaning, "science" also refers to this body of knowledge itself, of the type that can be rationally explained and reliably applied.
Knowlege
Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience oreducation by perceiving, discovering, or learning.
Conceptual Models
A conceptual model is a model made of the composition of concepts, which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject themodel represents. Some models are physical objects; for example, a toy model which may be assembled, and may be made to work like the object it represents.: the general principles or ideas that relate to a particular subject
Phenomenon
A phenomenon (Greek: φαινόμενoν, phainomenon, from the verb φαίνειν, phainein, "to show, shine, appear, to be manifest (or manifest itself)"),[1] plural phenomena, is anyobservable occurrence.[2] Phenomena are often, but not always, understood as 'appearances' or 'experiences'. These are themselves sometimes understood as involvingqualia.
Concepts
A concept is an abstraction or generalization from experience or the result of a transformation of existing concepts. The concept reifies all of its actual or potential instances whether these are things in the real world or other ideas. Concepts are treated in many if not most disciplines both explicitly, such as in psychology, philosophy, etc., and implicitly, such as in mathematics, physics, etc.
When the mind makes a generalization such as the concept oftree, it extracts similarities from numerous examples; the simplification enables higher-level thinking.
In metaphysics, and especially ontology, a concept is a fundamental category of existence. In contemporary philosophy, there are at least three prevailing ways to understand what a concept is:[1][See talk page]
Concepts as mental representations, where concepts are entities that exist in the brain,Concepts as abilities, where concepts are abilities peculiar to cognitive agents, and
Concepts as abstract objects, where objects are the constituents of propositions that mediate between thought, language, and referents.
