TEA and PCOS

INTRODUCTION TO PCOS

Here's a comprehensive introduction to Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):

What is PCOS?

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects 5-10% of women of childbearing age, making it one of the most common endocrine disorders among women.

Causes and Risk Factors:

1. Hormonal imbalance: High levels of androgens (male hormones) and insulin resistance.
2. Genetics: Family history plays a significant role.
3. Environmental factors: Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and stress.
4. Insulin resistance: Linked to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.

Common Symptoms:

1. Irregular menstrual cycles (oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea)
2. Weight gain and obesity
3. Acne and skin issues (acne, hirsutism, and male-pattern baldness)
4. Fertility issues (difficulty getting pregnant)
5. Cysts on ovaries (detected by ultrasound)
6. Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
7. Mood swings, anxiety, and depression
8. Sleep apnea and fatigue

Types of PCOS:

1. Classic PCOS: Characterized by high androgen levels, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries.
2. Non-Classical PCOS: Presents with ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovaries, but without high androgen levels.
3. Secondary PCOS: Develops due to other medical conditions or medications.

Diagnosis:

1. Physical exam and medical history
2. Pelvic exam and ultrasound
3. Hormone level tests (androgen and insulin)
4. Blood sugar testing (glucose tolerance test)

Treatment and Management:

1. Birth control pills to regulate hormones
2. Fertility medications (clomiphene)
3. Anti-androgen medications (spironolactone)
4. Insulin-sensitizing medications (metformin)
5. Lifestyle changes: healthy diet, exercise, stress management, and weight loss

Complications:

1. Infertility and miscarriage
2. Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Mental health issues (depression, anxiety)
5. Sleep disorders