There are three realms of the Elder Scrolls universe: Mundus, Oblivion, and Aetherius. Here is a bit of information on each realm.
Mundus
Mundus is the mortal plane. It encompasses Nirn, its moons, and attendant Aedra planets. Mundus is surrounded by Oblivion, and Oblivion is surrounded by Aetherius.
For intents and purposes, Mundus refers to the celestial and lunar bodies alone, which hang suspended in Oblivion. Mundus is a construct created by heavenly beings. The concept of Mundus was originally thought of by Lorkhan, who convinced other et'Ada to create the mortal realm except for the Padomay-aligned et'Ada (Daedric princes now). Of the et'Ada previously mentioned, Magnus was the Architect and drew the plans for Mundus.
Some of the et'Ada gave parts of themselves completely to the creation of Mundus. They became the planets surrounding Nirn. They also identify as the Eight Divines or the Aedra. Some Aedra gave themselves fully to their creation and became the Earthbones that form the earth of the final planet: Nirn.
Soon following the creation of the planets, Magnus became disgusted of what Mundus was, and as a result left for Aetherius, ripping a hole in Oblivion which is recognized as the Sun today in Mundus. It is responsible for most of Mundus's magical energy. Other et'Ada followed Magnus to Aetherius and became known as the Magna Ge and left smaller holes known as the stars today. A few et'Ada failed to follow and either turned into Earthbones or dissipated into nothingness.
Some Ehlnofey (Earthbones) somehow managed to create a stable realm in the destable Nirn. They could live here like when they were godlike. Despite this, there were still Ehlnofey who wandered the world. The Wandering Ehlnofey found the Old Ehlnofey and thought they would be welcomed very warmly by their own kin. However, they did not get the best welcome, and a war broke out. At the end of the war, the world was reshaped. The result were the four continents we know today: Tamriel, Atmora, Yokuda, and Akavir. The Mer (Elves) are descendents of Old Ehlnofey. The Men are descendants of Wandering Ehlnofey.
Cosmology diagram of the Elder Scrolls universe.
Oblivion
Oblivion is a collective word used to describe the various planes of Oblivion and what is in between them. The planes of Oblivion are the planes that have the least connection with Mundus. The Daedric Princes call Oblivion home.
The realms that make up Oblivion are defined by exclusion. Any plane that are not the planets, moons, and Aetherius is counted as a plane of Oblivion. It is often believed that there are infinite planes of Oblivion, however Tamrielic scholars are only aware of a few. Each Daedric prince is speculated to have their own plane of Oblivion that they rule over. The plane is formed from their choosing. The planes of Oblivion that the Daedric Princes rule over are extensions of themselves. This drops a few hints that there may be more than sixteen planes of Oblivion.
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The Complete History and Lore of the Elder Scrolls
FanfictionFrom creation to the end, we explore everything in the great universe of the Elder Scrolls! I have a complete document of this, so if parts come out really fast, it's because I've been copy and pasting the majority of the story from that Google Doc.