Tổng Hợp Những Cấu Trúc Cần Lưu Ý

Viết lại câu với từ gợi ý

Thông qua phân tích đề thi những năm gần đây, có 18 cấu trúc thường có trong đề thi THPT quốc gia. Đó là: 

1. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc: began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu làm gì)

Viết lại thành: S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since …

Ví dụ: She began to play the piano 5 years ago

=> She has played/ has been playing the piano for 5 years.

2. S + last + Ved + time+ ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì

=> S + have/ has +not+ for + time

=> It’s + time+ since + S + last + Ved.

=> The last time + S + V ed+ was + time + ago.

Ví dụ: It last snowed 2 weeks ago.

=> It hasn’t snowed for 2 weeks

=> It’s 2 weeks since it last snowed.

=> The last time it snowed was 2 weeks ago.

3. This is the first time + S +have/has+P2: Lần đầu làm gì

=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ before

=> S+ have/ has not+ P2+ before

Ví dụ: This is the first time I have met him

=> I have never met him before.

=> I haven’t met him before.

4. This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+P2

=> S +have/ has + never + P2+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N

=> S+ have/ has never+ P2+ a more + ADJ+ N than this

Đề thi minh họa 2015:

This is the most interesting novel I have ever read.

=> I have never read such an interesting novel.

=> I have never read a more interesting novel than this (one/ novel)

Cấu trúc 5,6,7,8 thay thế cho nhau linh hoạt.

5. S + Be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá....để cho ai làm gì...

Ví dụ:

- The top shelf is too high for the children to reach.

- He ran too fast for me to follow.

6. S + Be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V+O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...

Ví dụ:

- The top shelf is so high that the children can not not reach it.

- He ran so fast that I could not follow him.

Notes: Trong cấu trúc So… that: vế sau that là mệnh đề mới nên cần có thêm O sau V nên ta có reach it và follow him, trong khi đó ở cấu trúc “too” thì không, các em hết sức lưu ý.

Còn cấu trúc S + Be/V + so + many/much/little/few +N + that + S + V + O.
Ví dụ: She has so much work to do that she can not go out with me tonight.

She has so many things to do that she can not go out with me tonight

7. It + Be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V +O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...