• Today we will explore how latitude and longitude allow us to locate points on a map•4 Hemispheres•The equator splits apart the Northern and Southern Hemisphere•The Prime Meridian and International Date Line split the Eastern and Western••1) Latitude•Runs horizontal•Runs East and West•Measured North and South of the Equator–Use degrees N or S•Parallel lines that never touch••
LATITUDE
•# of degrees
NORTH or SOUTH of
the equator
•••Every line of latitude is parallel to the others••Equator = 0°
runs along middle of Earth
••••North Pole = 90° N •South Pole = 90° S••Tropic of Cancer = 23.5° N•Tropic of Capricorn = 23.5° S••••2) Longitude•Vertical•Runs North and South•Longitude Lines cross at the poles•Measures how far EAST or WEST of the prime meridian–Use degrees E or W•
LONGITUDE
•# of degrees by which a place is EAST or WEST of the Prime Meridian•(15° apart)•
Prime
Meridian
•Runs through Greenwich, England•••Prime Meridian = 0°••International Date line = 180°•••••Earth's Grid System•Coordinate system•The coordinates tell exactly where a place is located on Earth–Absolute Location•Writing Coordinates•Always write Latitude first, longitude second•
Example:
41 N, 75 W
90 S, 45 E
••••••PRACTICE •••••The diagram above represents a portion of the Earth's grid system. What is the approximate
latitude and longitude of
point A?
•The Geographic Coordinate System•Activity #1 (E1Q2)•1. About how many degrees north of the Equator does South America go? ••11. About how many degrees west of the prime meridian does Africa go? About how many degrees east? •16. What is the absolute location of New Orleans? ••Seatwork #1•1. What is the absolute location of Shanghai? • How do we tell time using longitude?•Importance Of Lines Of Longitude
1] The lines of longitude along with the lines of latitude are used to determine the exact location of a place on the atlas map.
2] The lines of longitude are used to determine local time in relation to G.M.T which means Greenwich Mean Time, which is sometimes referred to as world time
•Similarities Between Lines Of Latitudes And Lines Of Longitudes
•1] Both are imaginary lines drawn on the globe.•2] They are both measured in degrees.•3] They are both used to determine the location of places on the map.•4] They both have Great Circle.•5] They are both used to calculate distance and measurement.••Difference Between The Lines Of Latitudes And Lines Of Longitudes
•1] lines of latitude run from west to east while lines of longitude run from north to south.•2] Lines of latitude are shorter towards the pole while lines of longitude are of the same length.••Difference Between The Lines Of Latitudes And Lines Of Longitudes
•3] lines of latitude are parallel to each other while lines of longitude are not parallel to each other.•4] lines of latitude are called parallel while lines of longitude are called meridian.••Difference Between The Lines Of Latitudes And Lines Of Longitudes
•5] latitude has many great circle while longitude has only one circle.•6] latitude has the equator as its reference point while longitude has the greenwich meridian as its great circle.••Difference Between The Lines Of Latitudes And Lines Of Longitudes
•7] Latitudes can only be measure from 0° to 180° while longitude can be measured from 0° to 360°.•8] lines of latitude are not used to calculate local time while lines of longitude are used to calculate local time.••Difference Between The Lines Of Latitudes And Lines Of Longitudes
•9] lines of latitude are use to measure distance while lines of longitude are not use to measure distance.•10] lines of latitude do not meet at the pole while lines of longitude meet at the pole.••Longitude And Time
•During of the earth, the earth passes through 360° in 24 hours, 15° in 1 hour or 1° in 4 minutes.
The Earth rotates from west to east, so every 15° towards the east, the local time advanced by 1 hour, and every 15° from east towards the west, the local time retard by 1 hour.•Longitude Calculations Procedures
•a] First locate the two places involved
b] find the longitude difference
c] Convert the longitude difference to time and,
d] Adjust the time according to the direction of movement, ( west or east).••••• How to find difference in time between 2 locations.•A) Find the difference in longitude•B) Divide that number by 15••Example:•75 degrees – 30 degrees = 45 degrees•Divide 45 by 15 = 3 •Answer: 3 hours• How to find the difference in longitude using time•A) Find the difference in time•B) Multiply the difference by 15
Example:
•NY time 4:00 pm•California time 1:00 pm•Difference = 3 hours•3 X 15 = 45•Answer: 45 degree difference•Sample problems•What time is it in LA when it is noon in
Greenwich, England on the Prime Meridian?
•Sample problems•What time is it in Greenwich, UK when it is
noon in New York?
•Example 1
•Mary starts her journey at longitude 0° and she's moving towards eastward of longitude 10°. Calculate the time that mary will arrive at her destination.••Example 2
•If the time at village A (long 75°W) is 5:00pm on Friday. Calculate the time and day at village B (long 120°E)•Example 3
•Calculate the local time in New York (USA) longitude 75°W, when it is 10am in Nigeria of longitude 15°E•Example 4
•An international match between Nigeria and South Africa is scheduled for 4pm on Saturday in Lagos, Nigeria 7°E, the reference is from Tanzania and the linesmen are from America.
Calculate the local time and day for radio listeners to listen to this match in
a] Accra, Ghana, of longitude 13°W
b] dares salam, tanzania of longitude 39°E
c] Florida, America of longitude 99°W•
