Hydrologic cycle
Water Cycle
The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle or the H2O cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth.
The water moves from one reservoir to another, such as from river to ocean, or from the ocean to the atmosphere, by the physical processes of and
Types of Process
Evaporation:
The transformation of water from liquid to gas phases as it moves from the ground or bodies of water into the overlying atmosphere.
Types of Process
Condensation:
The transformation of water vapor to liquid water droplets in the air, creating clouds and fog.
Types of Process
Runoff:
The variety of ways by which water moves across the land. This includes both and . Channel Runoff
Surface Runoff
Types of Process
Infiltration:
The flow of water from the ground surface into the ground. Once infiltrated, the water becomes soil moisture or groundwater.
Surface Runoff
Surface runoff is the water flow that occurs when the soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, meltwater, or other sources flows over the land.
Channel Runoff
Streamflow, or channel runoff, is the flow of water in streams, rivers, and other channels, and is a major element of the water cycle. It is one component of the runoff of water from the land to waterbodies, the other component being surface runoff.
Types of Process
Subsurface flow:
The flow of water underground, in the vadose zone and aquifers.
Types of Process
Canopy interception:
The precipitation that is intercepted by plant foliage, eventually evaporates back to the atmosphere rather than falling to the ground.
Types of Process
Snowmelt:
The runoff produced by melting snow.
Types of Process
Sublimation:
The state change directly from solid water (snow or ice) to water vapor.
Types of Process
Deposition:
This refers to changing of water vapor directly to ice.
Types of Process
Advection:
The movement of water — in solid, liquid, or vapor states — through the atmosphere.
Types of Process
Transpiration:
The release of water vapor from plants and soil into the air.
Types of Process
Percolation:
Water flows horizontally through the soil and rocks under the influence of gravity.
Changes over time
The water cycle describes the processes that drive the movement of water throughout the hydrosphere.
However, much more water is "in storage" for long periods of time than is actually moving through the cycle.
The storehouses for the vast majority of all water on Earth are the oceans.
It is estimated that 97 % of the world's water supply, about is stored in oceans. It is also estimated that the oceans supply about 90% of the evaporated water that goes into the water cycle.
Effects on climate
The water cycle is powered from solar energy. 86% of the global evaporation occurs from the oceans, reducing their temperature by evaporative cooling. Without the cooling, the effect of evaporation on the greenhouse effect would lead to a much higher surface temperature of 67 °C (153 °F), and a warmer planet.
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