Ecology and evolution
Life: origin of life — hierarchy of life - Miller–Urey experiment
Ecology:
Autecology: autotroph — heterotroph — acclimatization — endotherm — ectotherm — hibernation — homeostasis — behavior — circadian rhythm
Population ecology: population — competition — mating — biological dispersal — endemism — niche — growth curve (biology) — carrying capacity
Community ecology: community — keystone species — mimicry — symbiosis — pollination — mutualism — commensalism — parasitism — predation — invasive species — environmental heterogeneity — edge effect
Ecosystems: biodiversity — biome — habitat — plankton — thermocline — carbon cycle — water cycle — nitrogen cycle — food web — trophic level — saprobe — decomposition
Evolutionary biology (evolution)
Microevolution: species — speciation — adaptation — selection — natural selection — directional selection — sexual selection — genetic drift — sexual reproduction — asexual reproduction — colony — allele frequency — neutral theory of molecular evolution — population genetics — Hardy-Weinberg principle
Macroevolution: adaptive radiation — convergent evolution — extinction — mass
extinction — fossil — taphonomy — geologic time — plate tectonics — continental drift — vicariance — Gondwana — Pangaea — endosymbiosis
Systematics: taxon — taxonomy — scientific classification — phylogeny — evolutionary tree — cladistics — synapomorphy — homology — molecular clock
Organismal biology
(also known as functional biology)
Groups of living organisms
viruses : DNA viruses — RNA viruses — retroviruses
Single-cell organisms:
prokaryotes : microbe — bacteria — archaea
eukaryotes: fungi — algae — protozoa — protista
Multicellular organisms:
plantae — plants — bryophytes — pteridophytes — seed plants
animalia — animals — metazoa — insects — molluscs — vertebrates
fungi — lichen — mycorrhizae
Developmental biology : gamete — spermatid — ovum — zygote — embryo — cellular differentiation — morphogenesis —homeobox
Animal development: stem cell — blastula — gastrula — egg (biology) — fetus — placenta
Plant development: seed — cotyledon — meristem — apical meristem — vascular cambium — cork cambium
Morphology, anatomy and physiology:
Techniques: electrophysiology — electron microscopy
tissues — organ — senescence
Plant systems: root — shoot — stem — leaf — flower
vascular tissue — Casparian strip — turgor pressure — xylem — phloem — transpiration — wood
alternation of generations — gametophyte — antheridium — archegonium — sporophyte — spore — sporangium
tropism — taxis
