-break down tissue into cells
-add cold/isotonic /buffered solution (cold= reduce enzyme activity, buffered=maintains constant pH, isotonic= same water potential so that the organelle does not shrink or burst.)
-homogenate- breaks open cells withoit releasing organelles
-filter= removes large debris and intact cells
-centrifuge- spin at low speed, largest organelle builds at bottom (nucleus), leaves supernatant, spin at higher speed, next heaviest organelle forms at bottom (chloroplast or mitochondria)
-organelle by size: nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum/ golgi body/lysosomes, ribosome.
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A-level Biology Notes
General FictionTopics 1-4 of A-level Biology AQA New specification