Kelebekler Hakkında Bilinmedik Gerçekler

SWALLOWTAILS(Papilionidae)

SWALLOWTAILS
Swallowtails are among the largest and the most spectacular butterflies. The 12 species found in Turkey include four festoons, five apallons and three swallowtails.

Festoons: Medium size yellow butterflies decorated with black and red spots and bars. Sexes are similar, but femelas are more heavily marked. All four spacies have been recorded in the province Bolu.
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Eastern Steppe Festoons:
Size: 2.5-3.0 cm
Identification: A pale yellow festoon with strongly serrated hindwing outer margin, short tail, postmedian band of small red spots on hindwing and abdomen barred with orange on its sides. Prominent black bars on forewing do not extend across the width of cell.
Flight Period: April to mid-June
Habitat: Open pine forests and dry flowery valleys in steppes
Region: Absent from Marmara region and Aegean coast; widespread elsewhere.
Food Plant: Birthworts (Aristolochia sp.)
Comment: Only festoon found in eastern and most of central Anatolia.
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Eastern Festoons:
Size: 3.0-3.4 cm
Identification: Very similar to Eastern Steppe Festoon,but median rectangular markings on hindwing below are larger and mostly black inside; on Eastern Steppe Festoon they are smaller and yellow inside. Also, abdomen lacks conspicuous orange bars found on Eastern Steppe Festoon.
Flight Period: Late February-early June
Habitat: Lush brook valleys, rock and bushy areas, vineyards flowery roadsides and meadows.
Region: All coastal provinces in southern, western and northwestern Turkey; also Kızılcahamam(Ankara), Bolu, Kastamonu. Amasya and Ordu.
Food Plant: Birthworts(Aristolochia sp.)
Comment: Range overlap with Eastern Steppe Festoon is is limited to Kızılcahamam area in Ankara and Lake District in southwest.
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Southern Festoon:
Size: 2.4-2.8 cm
Identification: Extremely wavy black submarginal lines on both wings give them a strongly scalloped look. Broad black bars extend across the width of forewing cell. Below, note the two red bars within forewing cell.
Flight Period: Mid-March to late April; June at mountains in Bolu.
Habitat:Mainly wet meadows near woodland and open woodland with heavy under growth; sometimes near cultuvated areas.
Region: Marmara region, eastwards to Bolu and Eskişehir
Food Plant: Birthworts (Aristolochia sb.)
Common: Generally found below 1000m. No longer common within Istanbul due to habitat destruction.
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Caucasian Festoon:
Size: 2.4-2.8
ID(Identification) Two broad black bars that often extend across the width of forewing cell and relatively straight wing margins are distinctive. Hindwing has a complete and relatively conspicuous black median spotband and a postmedian band of small red spots that are bordered outside by a band of blue spots ringed in black.
FL(Flight Period) April-May in coastal areas; late May-late June at higher altitudes
Habitat: Moist bushy clearings in open mixed and deciduous woodland; wet meadow
RG(Region) Bolu also very locally Ordu, Giresun and Rize.
FP(Food Plant) Birthworts (Aristolochia sp.)
Common: World range of this globally threatenet species is confined to the Caucasus and a few provinces in northern Turkey.
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