PNPACAT EXAM Reviewer 2022 [UPDATED]

English

| Reading Comprehension |

I. Critical Reading

MAIN IDEA

The main idea is the one central idea that the rest of the paragraph develops. It is found in the topic sentence which is usually found at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a paragraph; sometimes it is just implied. I repeat. To find the main idea, look for the topic sentence. A passage consisting of many paragraphs may be confusing. Each paragraph will have its own main idea. Remember however that somewhere in the passage is the central thought that connects all the paragraphs of the passage, the central idea that is developed by all the paragraphs.

INFERENCE

In reading comprehension exams, you're going to be asked to make an inference. To be able to do so, you should understand each of the statements and the relationship among the statements. More importantly, you should be able to pinpoint the general impression or feeling that the passage leaves. Is the passage generally happy, angry, sad, detached, or desperate?

Please remember that inferring requires an understanding of what has been read. Inferences are based on the passage and not on your own knowledge. That is, answer all the questions based on what the passage says, not what you know about the topic of the passage.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions usually come at the end of passages. When asked what you can conclude from a paragraph, refer back to its end to look for it. If the passage did not include a conclusion and you are left to formulate one yourself, do so with logic. Refer to what the passage or paragraph says and form your conclusion based on the College entrance exam and science high school entrance test tips. Conquer UPCAT, ACET, USTET, DLSUCET, PSHS-NCE, and other entrance tests.

RETENTION OF DETAILS

While reading the passage, you must note specifics, names, and dates that may be asked for later. Thus, when you are asked about a name you remember, you'll save time by not going back to the passage to look for it. Just remember, however, that if you still have time, it's better to check if the detail you remember is indeed correct.

II. Figurative Expressions

LITERARY DEVICES

Simile – a figure of speech directly assessing a resemblance in one or more points, of one thing to another. It compares two things using the expressions like, as... as, resembles, etc.

E.g. My patience is like traffic in EDSA—it is endless.

Metaphor – a figure of speech that does say that something is like something or resembles something. It pretends that something is something.

E. g She is a rock — rigid and immovable.

Synecdoche – a figure of speech by which a part is put for the whole or the whole for the part.

E. g A multitude of legs crossed the freeway.

Personification – a figure of speech by which inanimate objects are bestowed with human traits.

E. g The heavens, cried bitter and noisy tears, whispering and screaming in turns.

Metonymy – a figure of speech by which an object is used to represent another.

E. g Ladies and gentlemen, please lend me your ears.

Hyperbole – a figure of speech by which a strong effect is achieved through an exaggeration and an overstatement.