ROUGH STONE MONUMENTS AND ***
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[Illustration: STONEHENGE FROM THE SOUTH-EAST]
ROUGH STONE MONUMENTS AND THEIR BUILDERS
BY
T. ERIC PEET
FORMERLY SCHOLAR OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD; LATELY CRAVEN FELLOW IN THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD AND PELHAM STUDENT AT THE BRITISH SCHOOL OF ROME
HARPER & BROTHERS LONDON AND NEW YORK 45 ALBEMARLE STREET, W. 1912
_Published October, 1912_.
PREFACE
The aim of this volume is to enable those who are interested in Stonehenge and other great stone monuments of England to learn something of the similar buildings which exist in different parts of the world, of the men who constructed them, and of the great archæological system of which they form a part. It is hoped that to the archæologist it may be useful as a complete though brief sketch of our present knowledge of the megalithic monuments, and as a short treatment of the problems which arise in connection with them.
To British readers it is unnecessary to give any justification for the comparatively full treatment accorded to the monuments of Great Britain and Ireland. Malta and Sardinia may perhaps seem to occupy more than their due share of space, but the usurpation is justified by the magnificence and the intrinsic interest of their megalithic buildings. Being of singularly complicated types and remarkably well preserved they naturally tell us much more of their builders than do the simpler monuments of other larger and now more important countries. In these two islands, moreover, research has in the last few years been extremely active, and it is felt that the accounts here given of them will contain some material new even to the archæologist.
In order to assist those readers who may wish to follow out the subject in greater detail a short bibliography has been added to the book.
For the figures and photographs with which this volume is illustrated I have to thank many archæological societies and individual scholars. Plate III and part of Plate II I owe to the kindness of Dr. Zammit, Director of the Museum of Valletta, while the other part of Plate II is from a photograph kindly lent to me by Dr. Ashby. I have to thank the Society of Antiquaries for Figures 1 and 3, the Reale Accademia dei Lincei for Figures 17 and 20, and the Société préhistorique de France, through Dr. Marcel Baudouin, for Figure 10. I am indebted to the Royal Irish Academy for Figure 8, to the Committee of the British School of Rome for Figure 18, and to Dr. Albert Mayr and the Akademie der Wissenschaften in Munich for the plan of Mnaidra. Professors Montelius, Siret and Cartailhac I have to thank not only for permission to reproduce illustrations from their works, but also for their kind interest in my volume. Figure 19 I owe to my friend Dr. Randall MacIver. The frontispiece and Plate I are fine photographs by Messrs. The Graphotone Co., Ltd.
In conclusion, I must not forget to thank Canon F.F. Grensted for much help with regard to the astronomical problems connected with Stonehenge.
T. ERIC PEET.
LIVERPOOL, _August 10th,_ 1912.
CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. STONEHENGE AND OTHER GREAT STONE MONUMENTS IN ENGLAND AND WALES 15
III. MEGALITHIC MONUMENTS IN SCOTLAND AND IRELAND 34
IV. THE SCANDINAVIAN MEGALITHIC AREA 52
V. FRANCE, SPAIN AND PORTUGAL 59
VI. ITALY AND ITS ISLANDS 76
