Oral Communication

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Shannon and Weaver Model
     Known as the “Mother of all Communication Models”, the Shannon and Weaver model (1949) depicts communication as a linear or one-way process consisting of five elements: A source (producer of message); A transmitter (encoder of message into signals); A channel (signals adapted for transmission); A receiver (decoder of message from the signal); and a destination.

     This model, however, has been criticized for missing one essential element in the communication process: feedback, the speaker, will not know whether the receiver understands the message or not.

2. Transaction Model
     Unlike the Shannon and Weaver Model, which is one-way process. The Transaction Model is a two-way process with the inclusion of feedback as one element. This model is more interactive.

There is collaborative exhange of messages between communicators with the aim of understanding each other.

It is also shows that a barrier, such as noise, may interfere with the flow of communication.

3. Schramm Model
     In this model, Wilbur Schramm showed the importance of interpersonal communication. Schramm's contribution to communication theory included the concept that each person has a field of experience that controls one's undrrstanding of anything.