ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

MAJOR APPROACHES

FOUR MAJOR APPROACHES TO MANAGEMENT THEORY

1. Classical Approach - emphasized rationality and making organizations and workers as efficient as possible.

Scientific Management Theory :
Frederick Winslow Taylor
(Mechanical Engineer and Father of Scientific Management).
-"one best way" for a job to be done.
-increase level of productivity by putting the right person in the job w/ the right equipment and tools.
-having/following correct rules and procedures
-focused on lower-level of management

Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
-most prominent followers of Taylor. Gilbreth invented a device called microchronometer that recorded a worker's hand-and-body motions and total amount of time spent doing each motion.

General Management Theory :
Henri Fayol - focused all levels of management. He first identified five functions. (Father of Management)

Weber - German sociologist who studied organizations, developed a theory called bureaucracy.

Bureaucracy - a form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations and impersonal relationships.

2. Behavioral Approach - the field of study that researches the actions of people at work is called organizational behavioral (OB).
HBO - Human Behavior in Organization.

3. Quantitative Approach - which is the use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making. This approach also known as management science.

Total Quality Management or TQM - is a management philosophy devoted to continual improvement and responding to customer needs and expectations.

4. Contemporary Approach
Two Contemporary Management Perspectives:

1. Systems
- is a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.

2. Contingent Approach
- says that organizations are different, face different situations (contingencies), and require different ways of managing.