Travel Back In Time With Me

Chapter-18

Two similarities occurred at the same time as the 1789 French Revolution and the election of George Washington by the first President of the United States. I first went to see the French Revolution French Revolution, also known as the 1789 Revolution, a revolutionary movement that shook France between 1787 and 1799. the end of the first French period and worked to separate the event from the recent French uprising of 1830 and 1848.

The Origin of Transformation

The French Revolution had common causes for all Western reforms in the late 18th century and some factors explained why they were so violent and so important in these changes. The first causes were the social structure of the West. The empire gradually weakened and disappeared in some parts of Europe. Increasingly and wealthy nobles of the common people - merchants, producers, and professionals, often called capitalists - were seeking political power in lands not yet their own. The farmers, most of whom were landowners, had received improved living standards and education and sought to eradicate the last remnants of the monarchy in order to obtain the full rights of landowners and the freedom to expand their lands. Moreover, since about 1730, high living standards have reduced the death toll of the elderly. This, along with other factors, led to the unprecedented growth of the European population: doubling between 1715 and 1800. France, with a population of 26 million in 1789, Europe's most populous country, was a major problem.

Large numbers of people have created a huge demand for food and goods for consumers. The discovery of new gold mines in Brazil has led to a small increase in prices throughout the West since about 1730, indicating a booming economic situation. From about 1770, this trend began to decline, and economic problems, which threatened even the rebels, intensified. The problems of social change began to improve. Philosophers - scholars whose writings have promoted these controversies - were influenced by 17th-century theologians such as René Descartes, Benedict de Spinoza, and John Locke, but they came to very different concepts in political, social, and economic matters. Changes seemed necessary to apply the ideas of Montesquieu, Voltaire, or Jean-Jacques Rousseau. This enlightenment was distributed among the classes taught by the many "thinking societies" that were established at the time: chemical dormitories, agricultural organizations, and classrooms.

It is uncertain, however, that change would come without political catastrophe. Faced with the huge costs involved in the wars of the 18th century, European emperors sought to raise taxes by paying officials and clergymen, in many countries now freed, to justify this, even emperors asking to oppose scholars by accepting the role of "enlightened demons." This is an annoying response all over Europe from the right bodies, to the diet. and backgrounds. In North America this revolt led to the American Revolution, which initially refused to pay taxes imposed by the king of Great Britain. The monarchs tried to stop the nobility, and both emperors and respected classes demanded the cooperation of the helpless capitalists and the peasants.

Although the scholarly debate continues with the direct causes of the Reformation, the following reasons are often found: (1) capitalists add to their removal from power and political office; (2) farmers were more aware of their condition and were more willing to support the feudal and complex system; (3) philosophies are more widely read in France than anywhere else; (4) France's involvement in the American Revolution forced the government to step down from the brink of collapse; (5) France was the most populous country in Europe, and the crop failure in much of the country in 1788, which culminated in a long period of economic hardship, included current instability; and (6) the French monarchy, no longer regarded as divinely constituted, could not adapt to the political and social pressures exerted on it.

Political Revolution, 1787-89

The Revolution took place in France when the chief financial officer, Charles-Alexandre de Calonne, planned to convene a meeting of "officials" (officials, senior officials, and a few capitalist representatives) in February 1787 to propose changes made to end the budget deficit by increasing taxes on privileged classes. The council refused to participate in the reforms and proposed a conference of the Estates-General, which represented clergy, aristocracy, and the Third Estate (common people) and had not convened since 1614. Attempts by Calonne's followers to enforce financial reforms, despite opposition from the elite, led to the so-called rebellion of the "honorable organizations," especially in the private sector (the most important courts of justice), whose powers were curtailed by a May 1788 law.

During the spring and summer of 1788, riots broke out in Paris, Grenoble, Dijon, Toulouse, Pau, and Rennes. The king, Louis XVI, should have listened. He also appointed Jacques Necker, then Minister of Finance, and promised to summon the Estates-General on May 5, 1789. In fact, he granted media freedom, and France was filled with state-sponsored leaflets. The Estates-General election, held between January and April 1789, was marred by another setback, as the 1788 harvest was not good. There was absolutely no difference in the vote; and voters form cahiers de doléances, listing their grievances and hopes. They elected 600 deputies from the Third Estate, 300 dignitaries, and 300 clergymen.

Events of 1789

The Estates-General met in Versailles on May 5, 1789. They immediately split on an important issue: should they vote by voting, giving the Third Estate a chance, or an inheritance, in which case two bills under the government could exceed the third? On June 17 a vicious legal battle finally led to the deputies of the Third Estate calling themselves the National Assembly; threaten them to continue, if necessary, without two more orders. They were supported by a large number of parish priests, who outnumbered the chief priests among the believers. While the royal officials locked the deputies out of their June 20 hall, they sat in the court of the local tennis king (Jee de Paume) and took an oath of allegiance until they gave France a new constitution. The King complained and offered and appealed to the nobles and the remaining clergy to join the assembly, which took the official title of the National Constituent Assembly on July 9; at the same time, however, he began to gather troops to destroy.

The two-month ban at a time when the food crisis has reached its climax has angered cities and provinces. Rumors of the king's "royal conspiracy" and the right to overthrow the Tr Estate Estate led to the Great Depression in July 1789, when the farmers were terrified. The recruitment of troops around Paris and the expulsion of Necker sparked unrest in the capital. On July 14, 1789, a mob in Paris seized the Bastille, a symbol of dictatorship. Once again, the king had to compromise; during a visit to Paris, he expressed his gratitude for the kingship of the people by wearing a tricolor cockade.

In the provinces, the Great Fear of July led farmers to revolt against their masters. The elites and the capitalists are now in a state of shock. The National Electoral Council could see only one way to assess farmers; on the night of August 4, 1789, it decreed the abolition of the monarchy and the tithe. On August 26, he launched the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, proclaiming freedom, equality, justice and the right to stand up for oppression.

The decisions of August 4 and the Proclamation were so new that the king refused to allow them. The Parisians woke up again and on October 5 marched to Versailles. The next day they brought the royal family back to Paris. The National Constituent Assembly followed suit, and in Paris it continued to work on a new constitution.

The people of France have played an important role in the new political traditions created by the Revolution. Many untested newspapers kept citizens informed of events, and political parties allowed them to express their views. Public festivals such as the planting of "trees of freedom" in small towns and the Festival of Booths, held in Paris in 1790 on the first day of the Bastille commemoration, were symbols of the new system.

Then came the years of George Washington as the first American President George Washington who was the American political leader, military commander, government official, and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797. Earlier, he led Patriot troops to victory in the national liberation struggle.