Chapter 8

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Butterflies ,

I have read lot of book about butterflies today and I was looking about them long time .. I think they are one of the innocent animals in the world .. 

Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, as most insects they undergo complete metamorphosis.  Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed.  The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis.  When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, and after its wings have expanded and dried, it flies off.  Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take several years to pass through their entire life cycle.  Butterflies are often polymorphic, and many species make use of camouflage, mimicry, and aposematism to evade their predators.  Some, like the monarch and the painted lady, migrate over long distances.  Many butterflies are attacked by parasites or parasitoids, including wasps, protozoans, flies, and other invertebrates, or are preyed upon by other organisms.  Some species are pests because in their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees;  Other species are agents of pollination of some plants.  Larvae of a few butterflies (e.g., harvesters) eat harmful insects, and a few are predators of ants, while others live as mutualists in association with ants.  Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and literary arts .. butterflies are certainly one of the most appealing creatures in nature .

Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths

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Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths.  Adult butterflies have large, often brightly colored wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight.  The group comprises the large superfamily Papilionoidea, which contains at least one former group, the skippers (formerly the superfamily "Hesperioidea"), and the most recent analyzes suggest it also contains the moth-butterflies (formerly the superfamily "Hedyloidea").  Butterfly fossils date to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago ..

Butterfiles are beautiful, flying insects with large, often brightly colored wings.  There are approximately 20,000 specs of butterflies in the world.  On average, an adult butterfly llves about a month. 

However, the time can vary greatly between species, and females tend to live longer than males

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However, the time can vary greatly between species, and females tend to live longer than males . It's extremely unusual for a butterfly of any species to live longer than a year.  Butterfles can be found all over the world!  In fact, they live on every continent except Antarctica .  Butterfles llve In different hablitats , including mangroves , salt marshes , lowland forests , sand dunes , wetlands, mountainous regions and grasslands . Like all insects , they have a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three palrs of Jointed legs, compound eyes and one palr of antennae ..

Here I have mentioned some few facts that I found about butterflies today .. protect them ..

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